Clark: January 30, 1806

Fort Clatsop on the Pacific Ocian on the South Side of the Columbia River
Thursday 30th January 1806 Nothing transpired to day worthey of notice. we
are agreeably disapointed in our fuel which is altogether green pine. we
had Supposed that it burned badly, but we have found by Spliting it burns
very well.

The dress of the Clatsops and others of the nativs in the neighbourhood
differ but little from that described of the Skilutes and Wau ki a cums;
they never ware ligins or mockersons which the mildness of the Climate I
presume has rendered in a great measure unnecessary; and their being
obliged to be frequently in the water also renders those articles of dress
inconveniant.

The Sac-a commis is the groth of high dry Situations, and invariably in a
piney Country, or on its borders; it is Generally found in the open piney
woodlands as on the Western Side of the Rocky mountains but in this
neighbourhood we find it in the praries or on the borders in the more open
woodland’s; a very rich Soil is not absolutely necessary, as a meager one
frequently produces it abundantly. the nativs on the West side of the
Rocky mountains who can precure this berry invariably use it; to me it is
a very tasteless and insipid frute. This Shrub is an evergreen, the leaves
retain their virdue most perfectly throughout the winter even in the most
rigid climate as on Lake Winnipic. the root of this shrub puts foth a
great number of Stems, which seperate near the surface of the ground; each
Stem from the size of a Small quill, to that of a mans finger. These are
much branched forming an accute angle with the Stem, and all more properly
procumbent than crossing, for altho it sometimes puts foth radicles from
the Stems and branches which Strike obliquely into the ground, those
radicles are by no means general, equable in their distances from each
other nor do they appear to be calculated to furnish nutriment to the
plant but rather to hold the Stem or branch in its place. the bark is
formed of several thin layers of a Smothe thin brittle substance of a
redish brown colour easily seperated from the woody Stem in flakes. the
leaves with respect to their possition are scatter’d yet closely arranged
near the extremities of the twigs particularly. the leaves are about 3/4
of an inch in length and about half that in width, is oval but obtusely
pointed, absolutely entire, thick, Smoth, firm, a deep green and slightly
grooved. the leaf is Supported by a Small footstalk of preportionable
length. the berry is attached in an irregular and Scattered manner to the
Small boughs among the leaves, tho frequently Closely arranged, but always
Supported by a Seperate Short and Small peduncles, the incersion of which
produces a Small concavity in the berry while its opposit side is Slightly
convex; the form of the berry is a Spheroid, the Shorter diameter being in
a line with the peduncle or Stem-. this berry is a pericarp the outer Coat
of which is a thin firm tough pellicle, the inner part consists of dry
mealy powder of a yellowish white colour invelloping from four to six
propotionably large hard light brown seeds each in the form of section of
a spheroid which figure they form when united, and are distitute of any
membranous covering.the colour of this fruit is a fine scarlet. the
nativs usually eat them without any preparation. the fruit ripens in
September and remains on the bushes all winter. the frost appears to take
no effects on it. these berries are Sometimes gathered and hung in their
houses in bags where they dry without further trouble, for in their
succulent State they appear to be almost as dry as flour.