Tent of Many Voices: 07250605

gentlemen welcome back to the tent of many voices we have some dedicated visitors sticking around for some of the very last programs here at Billings Montana at the pompy pillar um if you haven't been in our tent yet welcome to the core of Discovery 2 we have been traveling for three and a half years and all the Rangers here have quite a few experiences to share with you however at this hour we have a different presenter who's going to share with you about the Native American history here at pompy's Pillar his name is Howard bogus and he has his own biography for an introduction so bear with me Howard bogas is an enrolled member of the Crow tribe of Indians he's the former director of The Big Horn County Historical Museum at harden he's a former board member of the museum Association of Montana a board member for pompy's pillar Association here board member for Yellowstone County Lewis and Clark commission as well as the Yellowstone County Museum as well as the chief plenty coup advisory Council where he is a charter member and the frontier Heritage Alliance in 2002 he was awarded the Montana historical society's trustees award for contributions to Montana history and Indian culture and in 2003 awarded the Montana State parks's volunteer of the Year award for research of the core of Discovery and the crow and volunteering in changing the display at the chief plen coup Museum to involve Clark on the Yellowstone and the Crow Indians in 2004 he was awarded the Peter jagen Jr Award of achievement by museums Association of Montana for furthering museums into being more important to Montana tourism by research of the history of Montana in 2005 he began working with Elias goes ahead on researching the Battle of Arrow Creek through a grant of the frontier Heritage Alliance from American Battlefield Protection Program he has walked and mapped the old Indian Trails of Montana and studied Indian battles that were Indian to Indian the trails of Trappers in the military and Indian battles that followed and led to the trails of the immigrants that came to settle Montana one of the greatest things he had studied was the Indian drawing of the people who lived here 1,000 years ago that tell the stories of the battles the history of the life of the people their attachment to the Earth the Stars the moon the Sun and their religions excuse me one second the religious beliefs these paintings are the stories of the people and how something that was painted a thousand years ago on sstone Cliff tell us the happenings at that time many of the same images are used today on canvas by young Indian artists of today who have never studied the artwork of their people today we call them the the American Indian so let's give Howard bogus a nice warm welcome to the tent well I say sh uh welcome U welcome to Crow country and uh you know and uh this be the which is is Poppy's pillar we call uh p p is be a ma because of the of uh the mountain lion's head that's in the Sandstone up on halfway up the pillar which most people don't get to see it's not marked or anything but it's very very visible right there but most people walk by it and don't really stop and look back at it cuz it's thing that you you see it on the way down or when you're going up you have to stop and turn around but uh that's what we call this place because of uh of this stone mountain lion head that's that's halfway up up there it's natural just blown in by the wind and the Sandstone the weather whatever it took but uh anyway when uh C Indian people have used this pillar uh we did a little dig right out here where that piece of lawn is out there and uh in that there we found stuff 10 11,000 years old I mean so uh you know the Indian people have been using this pillar for for for a long time and uh what we what we seen was uh we found out uh there was chips there was some arrowheads uh points uh other little things but uh no it was kind of a a very neat dig and it was very neat to find out what it was I talked to a farmer here yesterday and his father farmed this area right here up right up the belly here and uh he said my dad told us he said when I broke the land we when we farmed the land he says you can still see the teepe Rings you know at this time because where people use the land it changes the color of the land it's kind of hard for them to see them but you he like he said from from sitting on the tractor and looking straight down on them he says you can see that these or these old Tepe Rings and Things was uh cro Indian people used the Crow Indians the sue the shyenne the rapaho the shason almost all of the tribes used the Yellowstone River the Yellowstone River was the highway we didn't use canoes none of these tribes used canoes they used horseback and they traveled Up and Down the River or they or before that they used dogs and travys to go up and down the river uh so that was the way that they was traveling here but uh one of the things that the Indian people would do uh the pillar here is is a place like no other place travel the entire Yellowstone Valley from the very far reaches of the headwaters south of Yellowstone Lake or all the way down to to to the mouth down at the Missouri you will not find another place like this pillar where there's just a big Stone coming up out of the ground there's none no place else uh there's one up the other side of Livingston that I was told it was like this but I went up and it had a little neck going out to it from the hill so it had not uh got to be just an island like this pillar has uh but the croan people and all of the tribes of Indians would stop at the pillar they would rest and camp and we have to remember it was a it was a very very important Landmark very very important Landmark uh where the just on the other side of the pillar where the old bridge is that was the crit River Crossing we don't know how many million years that River Crossing is it's old it's been here for a long time and uh the Indian people used it the Buffalo used it I always like to tell people I would like to sit on top of a pillar a million years ago and just see what went by that would be great for me but uh no it was this was a place that was always well used by lots of uh under the cow Indian people uh when they come up here and do the Vision Quest or prayer uh when they came to do their prayer they came before the sun rose they had to watch the sun rise and they had to say in their pray prayer thought until they could turn around in the evening and see the sun set a prayer was from sunsrise to Sunset and it was and as it was told to me if you didn't stay and do the entire day there then your was more than likely then your prayers would not would not be heard and listened to and and would not come true for you and your prayers is always something that you did so that you could uh set the guiding lines of your life uh so that uh you you would kind of wish for things or you would and a prayer wasn't always said for just myself if I if I go to there to do a prayer I don't say it for myself myself I say it a lot of times I will sit there and I will include all my friends or other people that I know that need help or from or for my tribe people uh so you know a prayer wasn't for just you a Vision Quest was a thing that was done by the C Indian people on the pillar when you do a Vision Quest normally they're done three days and three nights there's no uh if we don't do the full three days and three nights then more than likely your vision uh Quest won't come true either a Vision Quest is is is is something that you do to see what what's going to happen in my life ahead of time you know uh am I going to be an important person or I'm just going to be somebody no nobody nobody or what am I going to do am I going to do things or not and and most of the time uh people who did their Vision quests uh they they did them and when you did your vision quest at that time you had to feel the physical pain and uh the physical pain is from Sun the wind the rain the cold of of the night you have to suffer all of these pains and uh when you did a long time ago uh two the stor that was told me when you did A Vision Quest you was only allowed a small piece of buck skin to set on that was all you were not not not allowed no clothing or anything such as that and uh Vision Quest have changed a little bit uh I think to this very time uh but uh but the crow people still do pray go out to do prayers they they still go out to do Vision quests I just talked to a young man yesterday and he said you know he says we I need to go out and do this just by myself he said so I can sit and learn more about myself what the what what the prayer and The Vision Quest really was a lot of it was about uh was to learn more about yourself to get to know yourself and to really to get to like yourself you know if you don't like you why should anybody else and that's that's the way the old Indian people looked at it I mean is that I have that I have to do things for people uh so that I am liked uh like uh Indian people do a lot of gift giving they give gifts all of the time and uh when I give a gift I mean it's I never want walk up and say I gave that to you no when I gave you the gift I give everything away for it I don't have anything in my mind ever that I ever owned that or was ever Min No I gave I gave everything away uh one of the things that happened uh it makes the cro Indian people pluz was one of these people you know Chief plenus who was the last chief of the croan people he wore a headdress went all the way to his heels had lots of eagle feathers on it and uh say I wanted to honor Mr pluz and I had five eagle feathers and I would say well you know I I'll give these three eagle feathers to Mr pluz and I know why I got each one of my eagle feathers I had to earn my eagle feathers you do not wear an eagle feather unless you earn that eagle feather and uh but anyway if if you want when when you gifted these eagle feathers to Mr pus and I went out and I stole the I said I stole no crow never say they stole a horse we captured a horse we didn't steal horses we captured horses it was an honorable thing for us to do in our standings was a very honorable capturing horse it's one of the most honorable things you could do okay but uh when I went out and I captured this horse I touched this Brave and I did something for each one of these feathers when I give the feathers to Mr PLU I give all rights to these feathers and plenty cou can say when I stole this Cheyenne horse when I stole this Sue when I touched this Sue in battle or I I or I fought the arapa hole and I earned this feather them stories are are plenty cruises they totally belong to him they're totally out of my mind forever I cannot ever say I did this I want if I talk about I'll say when Mr pyus did this I never claimed it in any in any way and that's the way gift giving is amongst the cian people when we give a gift it's it's isn't that we we don't hold no no ties to it at all but uh on the pillar up here uh it's got some very very interesting sites on it uh uh it's a virtual history book the pillar is from the Indians uh back to the days of the shield bearing Warrior they're painted on the on on the pillar up here back to if you if you read Mr Clark's diary I wrote I I carved my name into the pillar and when I carved my name into the pillar there was two painted Indian paint painted markers right here there are two Shields a red shield and a gold shield and both within two feet of the left hand uh side of his of his uh signature so but the Indian people have been using the pillar like I say F uh 10,000 years we know because of the items that's been found right here at the very base of the pillar uh in in our own collections at home we got lots of photographs of the of the pillar and things uh there's some very interesting ones uh according to the Diaries uh but Mr Clark did not allow his men to sign the sign sign the pillar but uh we have a photograph at home and his cross tomahawks like this and uh and this photo was taken back in I'm not sure just how long ago it was published in a book that was published 1951 and uh but anyway it said that the the the men who were with Clark on the Expedition carved the cross tomahawks for Saka Jia now in Crow we say sagawa so every time that you go to a different reservation it's going to be said to you differently because we don't talk the same and Zakia when I look at that that that's kind of a French it's more of a French word we don't we don't have any kind of words like that in our Co tribe so we just say sagawa um in our Crow stories uh there was a young lady that was captured by the crow by the cow Indian people uh she lived with a crow approximately two years and uh when she lived with the cro Indian people she uh you know she was she was she was uh she was treated well uh she but but the thing of it is at that period of time when if you captured a woman then you then most of the time time you would use her take her down and and you would use her her she would be tray goods and there's very possibility CH chance that Zakia was probably captured by The Crow and then taken down and then traded uh in the stories that I have at home so it's it's you know there's there's different theories of of of uh how she came about all we know is that it it was sure was lucky for Lis and Clark that she did because they have never made it without her but I I I always have looked up here for that but there's a rig Rock that's caved off in the last 50 years or so up here and I suspected that's probably where that cross tomahawks was at and how old that photograph is we don't know and I've never seen the original photograph only the print that's in this magazine that was like I say was painted in 1951 but the crow people would come here and do their prayers and stuff they would paint their the shields uh most of the shields that are on this pillar for some reason are are gold and uh I've been I've been researching uh Shields and stuff up and down the valley paintings carvings in the Rocks we have found over 400 in this Valley here uh and that doesn't mean it's a short distance that means from for Sight all the way up the Yellowstone then tributaries but when you studied the paintings you always kind of look to try to figure out what does the painting mean uh when I was a child I first time I came to pomp spell was 1946 came here with my mother reason we came here my we my we was going to we was living at Warden Montana my dad worked up here at the experimental farm for about a year and a half two years and uh but the reason we was over there was uh my mother took me along and because she didn't want to set up throughout the entire day completely by herself but she came we came early that morning and stayed the entire day and it was to say thank you because she had four sons and three brothers returned from World War II that's what it was for and uh places like this are still being used like that for the by the Indian people uh no we very much believe in doing pray prayers prayers and uh and and things yet today it's a and different families have different places that they go we don't all go the same place but what wherever we do generally go it's a different type of a place like I say this pillar is the only one in this Valley so so that makes it you know totally different than any place El and when I did my vision quest uh I was taken up there by a clan uncle and an uncle and when I did my vision quest um I was taken up on a a pred eagal point and I was left there for the for the three days and three nights you know it's it's it's in a way it's it's a very scary thing to do because you have to be less than 10 you have to be about 10 years old you have to do your first Vision Quest before the time of puberty uh Vision quests are done by both men and women so it's not something that just one one one of us does uh a lot of times some sometimes people will uh a man and a wife they'll go out on to to do something and maybe they will be within sight of one another but they'll saay their time and do their prayer and stuff but they don't talk to one another they don't visit I mean they just both sat there and uh like I say the whole thing the whole thing about it is to think about what's going on in your life what is going on in the life of the crow people what's going to the in on in the life of your neighbor or maybe you have a young friend that's not doing very good you sit and you do your prayer for all of them but like I say you have to go from the sunrise to the sunset for it to come true uh when I came used to come up I mean we we walked up an old trail we started up right there in the corner there and actually it goes up underneath the stairway about four different times you cross the original trail that the Indians people been using for thousands of years uh when you go up the the the the stairs but uh one the the croan people we had at one time we know for sure that we there was three bands of the Crow Indian people there was a kick in the belly who were on the Powder River they were on the Plat River across NE Nebraska uh they were all actually on the Plat River and uh according to uh superintendent records from 1850 uh the superintendent records talk about the coow people being almost near the Missouri River down the plat so they was they was very far east at one time uh through the superintendent records which kept track of the tribes in the 18 50s the crow people were near near Minnesota they were near uh Iowa it was in in eastern South Dakota it was in in h in the panhandle of Nebraska Northeastern Colorado and Wyoming so theyve were scattered over a pretty large area uh in the treaty Treaty of uh when they C Indian signed their first treaty was United States government and when they signed that treaty in 1827 or 1826 I'm sorry when they signed the treaty in 1826 the cro Indian people didn't give nothing to the United States government the United States government asked for nothing it was a treaty of peace between two Nations the United States government recognized the crow the crow as a nation and uh it's the same as we have treaties with Nations today but uh that was the first treaty we signed and then it was in the 18 1851 we started uh working on the the second treaty well at that time well maybe I be back here a minute Treaty of 18 26 uh when uh everybody was all the treaty was all signed and everything all it came back up they they asked the croan leaders they say well where do you live where did we find you I had no idea as where we were and uh at that time they told them they said the crow set our lodges with four main poles we we are the only tribe that uses four poles rest of the tribes all use three for their main poles yeah we have the bear cougar um The Owl and uh can't put the other one right off hand but uh we have the four main poles all named and they and we get power from all of from all of these oh the other one's the bear I see bear okay but anyway when uh we set up our our our four poles we set up our first pole near the mouth of the Yellowstone River across the river we set up our second pole in the gap for the Buffalo come through the gap for the Buffalo come through I've researched it for 25 years and I finally had a a person who used to live over there uh she was a work for the National Park Service over there and I was telling her about that one day and she says oh I know where that's at Buffalo Gap South Dakota it's on the Southeast corner of the Black Hills that's where the second pole was set and then the third pole uh was set at uh the gurgling Waters and the gurgling Waters uh is is south of Green River w in near the continental divide the fourth pole was set at the near the Three Forks of the Missouri the headwaters of the Missouri where the Three Rivers come come together that's where the four po do come from but they sit but you know you remember a lodge is round so the lodge goes out much further than the poles and uh the crows were on the Milk River going up into can Canada it was at the headwaters uh they were way up the Missouri River uh going up to Sun River we have records of them being of the crow living on the Sun River which is now near Blackfoot reservation and uh at that time that they was constantly fighting with the black feet over to keep the Sun River area and then to the Southwest I mean we was they was fighting the the shonne to keep that corner of the of of of of their land so the crow were they were uh they were constantly on a move they never stayed in any place very long because they was always moving here they would go over here and they would move the shonne back go over here move the black beet back come over here move the Cabo back the sue the shyen they was always trying to keep their borders and uh what actually happened is the small poox 1838 uh when the small pox came up on steamship uh it uh what actually happened was uh 10 days out of St Louis the captain noticed that this one guy was kind of ill Captain immediately recognized the man as having small pox when he uh he quarantined this guy put him in a little room stay there there don't bother nobody don't touch nothing stay away from everybody but in at that time the the steam ships did not travel at night they always tied up at night so everybody went to bed at night well this guy that had the small poox would get up he would separate his blankets these will be traded to the Sue these will be Cheyenne the shonne will like these all of the different tribes because we all like different colors we like different designs he knew which ones it want he was separating his blankets this is how the small pox got into the blankets by the man getting up at night with the small pox handling the blankets all of his trade goods at that time it's hard to believe but the Northern Plains Indians were almost 70% destroyed near 70% % over one man having a small pox and trading his Goods uh Billings Montana there's a place up there that that we call uh where there's a burial site where where many many of the crow people are buried that had that got the small pox so I I say you know uh Little Things grew into great big things you know it's hard to believe that uh that one man getting the small having the small pox moving these Goods around he destroyed 70% of of of the of American PLS Indians because we have to remember at that time all of the trade all of the tribes of Indians went to Fort Union to trade and we all knew what time to be there the year when we went to the trade we got along when we got back to our own country then we was back we was into the territorial thing again and uh when we when we got to get being in our territorial things in we was very bit bitter enemies but when we was there we got along we we didn't camp together but but we tolerated one another uh one of the things that many of the Traders would do up there they would say okay the Sue can come in today and trade tomorrow the black feet can come in and trade the next day the crow can come in and trade or the Asino they would let the tribes come in One Tribe tribe at a time so that they wouldn't be arguing over the the goods or anything and one was always probably thinking that the other got more for his than the other one so there was a lot of little things like that took place but I've uh been doing history near all of my life I've actually got papers at home that I started collecting when I was seven eight years old uh from Robbie Robbie yellow tale I have papers from him to me they're very very valuable Today curlyy Was A Good Friend of Robbie yellow tale when she was young she was his secretary and did all of his typing but uh I don't how time do am I getting in my time here okay maybe I better stop for some questions then okay well is there any questions that uh anybody like here on this I I always enjoy yes okay there was the kick in the belly the river Crow and the mountain Crow but uh like I say you know they were spread out very very long long distance uh when I uh started studying the paintings that the Indians have painted here I go to one painting that is carbon dated 950 to 1,000 years old it is Crow stories on painting it's it's my Crow family our Crow life our our things that we believe in for every day that one painting is 950 to 1,000 years old so the crow have been here for a long time I in my own way of thinking I don't believe that the mountain Crow ever ever left the mountains I think the river Crow went into Dakotas Minnesota into Canada that was the river Co I believe that the kick in the belly were the ones who made the journeys to the South because we have uh in our Crow stories we have we have stories actually uh where we was probably more than likely in Alabama Louisiana Tex southern Texas uh the according to them stories they they say this they these people left and it took them five generations to return 100 years 100 years yes okay hold on let me come to you so we can all hear you up is the pictograph State Park some wonderful artwork up there could you tell us a little bit about what took place there and who did that artwork what tribes uh okay he's acting about pictograph state park near billing south Billings great place to go visit uh it's it's an easy place to get to pictographs most of the places you you climb over rocks and climb up mountains and side Hills and sand and dirt and whatever to get up to them but that is very very easy to get to since they got good trails and stuff going up to them but no there's a okay the turtle is on is is is in there the turtle is uh our calendar we it it has you know how many of you how many of you have countered the the blocks on a turtle's back yeah there's all in in in in our River Turtles here there's always 13 okay that's our calendar in the early uh Indian people when they was using the Buffalo hides to uh make their lodges they use poles uh there's thir you know we have 13 full moons so I mean 13 is a very very good number for croan people I am not superstitious about 13 or 12 when I got 13 I'm always kind of delighted you have any other questions just uh raise your hand we'll get a ranger to you with the microphone okay is there any uh animosity between the river Crow and the mountain Crow oh boy well let's put it this way a mountain CW oh I see them River Crow no we get along but you know there's tradition there uh 1871 when United States military went down into the lower Yellowstone Country gathered up the river Crow and they brought them back up here the mountain Crow were already at Fort Parker and the crow called Fort Parker where where we lined our our lodges in a in in a straight line and that's what they called Fort Parker but anyway when they brought the river Crow up there they was just going to let the the river Crow set their lodges up in the in in in a line straight across from them well before the sun set that night they had every man woman and child that could carry a r a rifle in between the river Crow and the mountain Crow because we were going to go to war we were going to fight in 1868 treaty the mountain Crow were given a treaty up here the 1868 treaty that the river Crow signed with the Asino they was given a Tre given a reservation on the mouth of the Yellowstone up The Milk River so the mountain Crow didn't want to share with the river Crow because they had a reservation already yeah no we and it's still when when you go down to Council today if you go to the council River Crow and Mountain Crow uh the kick and the belly Clan I I'll just get into the kick and a belly Clan right now the kick and a belly Clan uh in about 1850 in in the 1850s they had had so much pressure put on them by this Cheyenne coming from the north out of Kansas the Sue who were in in Kansas and eastern Kansas were coming to the north they was put so much uh pressure on the on the Sue or the crow that was on the on the Plat River then that they started moving to the north moved over onto the Powder River then they was finally given so much pressure onto on the Powder River that they moved over the Big Horn mountains into the Big Horn Basin with the mountain Crow and uh what I've been told that uh that within the recent years here now that the river Crow I mean the the kick in the belly Clans are completely gone so we don't no longer have 13 clans because we uh well Crow had a had a clan system okay our clan system was that uh I'm a whistling water so my mother was a whistling water my grandmother was a whistling water my great-grandmother is a whistling water and uh you always get you always become a member of your mother Clan never your father's Clan you are a whistling water and the child of your father's Clan whatever your father's Clan was of the of the of the 13 clans yes play else hold on let me come over here I'm always interested in lame College a wonderful Indian college and uh I just I noticed you were talking a while ago about these tribes coming together uh could you tell us a little bit about how that lame Deer College uh came to be over there in that area and uh is this where the tribes came together that you were just talking about when when the reservation was established okay he wanted to do about how the dull knife College come came about over at Lamer well uh I'm not really for sure I mean they through they start out with federal grants and then uh then we we have to run them off of actually other grant money that people donate to the to the colleges uh almost every reservation has got at least one college uh the Sue have three colleges it's be and the reason why they have three is because they have one in Southeastern South Dakota they have one in northeastern South Dakota and one up in North Dakota so that they're and and that's where they're they there they the Sue is uh they call themselves bands uh there's seven bands of Sue and and they're pretty well scattered but uh no the the crow have have their college Little Big Horn college and it's basically run on the same situation as the doll knife is uh roseb on on on in in uh roseb and uh in on the Sue reservation they're all the same I mean uh they are constantly on the search for for dollars to keep their doors open yes anybody else um how did the Indians make their paints how did Indians make their paint okay I've really been looking into that and trying to figure it out and my own theory is and uh stories that I have been told by Elders from a long time ago they use the ochers that are in the Sandstone the ochers in the Sandstone are tree roots there's there's uh several different we have to remember at one time this this was swamp I mean this there was a lot of you know swampy type vegetation up in this country there's a lot of water up here and uh this was million years millions of years ago but anyway what uh what ochre is it where I found it is in sand rock and it's a tree root and it was probably just sand at at the time when a tree grew there 65 million years ago and then when and I've I've always wondered how they mixed it I was told that they would take their saliva their urine their blood to mix mix it because you know them are the three things that probably stain worse than anything in the world and they get that mixed in with there and I'll tell you these guys didn't pack a jug of water along with them they didn't have a water bottle and uh when they went up there to draw these paintings they used whatever they had and their urine was pretty probably pretty handy but I've always said and uh and I would like to see it pro in one of these days but I really feel that there's a possibility you could take a paint chip off of these thousand to 10,000 year old paintings and get DNA okay anybody else are the little people just on the crow reservation or are they on other reservations too well we kind of her her question was is the crow people on the crow reservation or other reservation yes we've inter married into other reservations and really and that's nothing new uh the Clark Fork River of the on the ystone which is just south of uh of uh Laurel Montana Clark Fork on the river is known as the valley where we all came to dance that mean the Cheyenne came there the Sue came there all of the tribes came in the crow we all got along in there they done Sund dances in that Valley there was also marriages took place between the tribes and so people moved into with with other tribes in the very very early days as they still do today we have time for one more question if there's one out there otherwise you're also welcome to ask Mr Bogus any questions you have after the program yes sir uh would you say that after all these hundreds of years there has been a like a formal type of healing between what was done to your people by the white Invaders I mean has any uh ceremony been done that would more or less res resolv I mean is there any hard feelings left even now after 100 of years or has that been pretty well healed up now well I'll tell you what as I was taught in my life you know you don't dwell on these things that happened to you a long time ago they happened we today we ain't got nothing we to say to change it any no we don't really dwell on it no we do we do have a a little fit once in a while and we think you know we really got cheated out of this and we really got cheated out of that cuz you you take now remember I just how much how many millions of Acres I just described to you as what the original Crow Nation was uh in the trade in the Treaty of 18 1851 we was 39.4 Million acres in the Treaty of 1851 now we are less than 3 million Acres we treated it all of the way to the United States government with a broken promise I've Al I I brought my shield bought this with me today this is my little and Clark metal this is the type of a metal was that was taken I've always looked at this very very funny and thought about this I have a pipe that's upside down Indian people when I turned my pipe upside down I dumped out all of the piece there's no more piece left in that pipe I also have a tomahawk I bash in somebody's head with Tomahawk I have two military uniforms that always tells me the United States government wanted to break the peace they wanted to fight bring in the military they did and it's all all of it was on this medal this is a medal that Mr Jefferson sent with ls and Clark so like I say it's always been a broken promise with the government with with the Indian people but you know we don't dwell on you know hey we like we like new cars we like to get on the airplane fly to Washington DC you know used to be we went to Washington DC you know I I mean just just a journey back there you know that was was that two- Monon thing for us to go back to Washington DC now we fly in on Monday morning we're home home on Wednesday night Mr Bogus thank you we all thank Mr Bogus for coming to the tent all right if you all have any further questions for him you're welcome to address them at any time after the program we have about 10 minutes before we start our next presentation it will be the ethnic diversity of the core by one of our very own Rangers Trent Redfield