Tent of Many Voices: 10300504TMB

well good afternoon everyone and welcome to the tent to many voices the T to many voices is part of the core of Discovery 2 traveling Lou and Clark exhibit this is a national traveling exhibit it's a multi- agency Federal exhibit with the National Park Service being the lead agent this exhibit's been traveling since January of 2003 will continue to travel through October of 2006 during the four years of the vice Centennial and the lisis and Clark expedition what we do here in the Ten of many voices is we invite in a wide variety of presenters to share both different aspects of that LS Clark expedition and also to talk about the culture and history of these various American Indian nations that had been living here for thousands of years before the arrival of Louis and Clark and this afternoon we have with us Louie pit Jr who is director um oh I lost the title again government Affairs government Affairs and planning at the Warren Springs reservation we know about four times I still can't get it quite right director of government Affairs of plan at the warm streams reservation he is Wasco on his father's side from the area so got the area from here down Coast covered with that his mother is from up River has culture and history historical connections to a lot of the Columbia River Basin he's going to talk about treating and perspectives from the time of Jefferson Jefferson to the modern era let's give him a warm welcome here to the tenam voices um hello my Indian name is Yan my mother gave me that name um that uh does have a meaning it means I'm learning my lesson and U so my parents are both God so I'm glad they're I'm sure they're happy that I am learning my lesson um I am uh my dad's people are the Wala Cascade people he was enrolled in the a Indian Nation the Contemporary Nation that's located north of here and his people were mainly located in a place called Cascade Locks they were the Wala people or Cascades and my mother's people were the more of the warming people up River up towards the silo area the uh where the Indian nation's edges were you know kind of moov back and forth but it was approximately about five oh from here you had on 7 miles it would be about 12 mil up and all the way up to Silo um is the boundary kind of an overlapping boundary and the Wasco folks there on the other side went further up to a place called ni flu and uh so you had these two totally different speaking folks right next to each other Louis and Clark when they were coming down river uh were warned by their two um U Chiefs from The Nest first about them Rascals around the corner that's some of my folks so they said that they didn't want to come down with ls and Clark because they planned on killing them and they were a totally different people and they didn't understand the language of those Wasco people cu the kit language totally different than the Ichi or the San language two very different cultures right next to each other but again there was a lot of mix if you sat through a number of the presentations Mr George agular did a tremendously wonderful job about talking about his family lineage just a wonderful blessing to have George that's one of the premises that you really have have to know who you are in Indian country and one of the main clashes we have with America is you look forward you have dreams it's what you're going to do what education as the great equalizer will do for you and that's good today we have that it's wonderful for us but a lot now for us as evening people and always will be it's who are blood is and where it's from where our blood is where from and that dictates a lot of about who we're going to be and working within the tribe I really resented that when I was growing up but I have seen the wiser of it as I've gotten older is that I've got a basically I've got a position within the tribe that is exactly just a line with my being and my blood Mr Paul Kaine was one of the artists that roamed around out here in in the west and did a depiction of a Wasco life down River from here that's when life was good fishing and hunting all day the wife stayed home or wives stayed home and took care of the kids and took care of the home took care of the fish and got the fish ready for winter basically very two different roles within a family um I guess what I want to do is try to jog your thinking about some of the things that we have as a country that we need to look towards this building over here is called a Discovery Center Discovery what is that the doctrine of Discovery is a very terrible doctrine that ancient times used to take over lands like this and we as a people that were here first didn't own it we just occupied it didn't even te treat us as human beings the good Christians the Catholics in those days with God on their side saw fit that they were going to take care of the world and civilize the world through what God's orders were to them so Columbus the kador were all a part of this terrible Legacy that uh I think as a country part of my speech is going to say how do we go beyond I think some of the wrongs that we've done my job is I tell people in my job let go ahead you can go ahead and feel guilty about the things that you have done but my job today is I want to criticize you and make you feel guilty about decisions you make about us today and so that's why I'm out here trying to educate everyone about what is the Indian Country looking for what do we really want life is good look at this is what's wrong with this picture is that uh any Indian is not going to build their Village right on a Wild River like the Columbia the river goes up it goes down it floods it it drops down that Village in normal Europe probably be washed out but there a Paul what's his name uh John Mitch did a drawing of this but it does show the the plank houses we had a difference of structures of grass houses uh we had uh uh villages up above that were made out of Julies down oh here we had structures Co and Clark said hey this is one of the this is the first structure a house structure that fit his definition because it was square of what a house was and um since he since they left Illinois so again a lot of cultural bias in that statement and U so these were some of the plank houses plank houses were built from here down some of them were Subterranean houses that were built depended on the chief um we worried about the the continued pushing into this area by our U natural enemies if you want to call them that is the shonis the BS the PES that you had to really be fortified if you wanted to live on this side of the river so in this area most of our Villages were over there this area right here is a Wasco area The Villages of M um the DI was up there uh Wasco the uh uh twin qu the klasco uh the whatx and there was actually two wos there's a Wasco fishing area I guess you had when you say the word you had to say it in the same sentence with with the fish right after it and then you knew it was the upper fishing site of wasow and then on the other side again a number of other Villages um and I'll show you here where we had Villages Up and Down the River and again there was a number of villages up River there's the famous what wake up uh it was a village and it's one of the most famous archaeology sites because there was so much information gained out of that site 1855 the US Army on their way out of town did two things they destroyed the houses here because they didn't want people the Indians to use them as fortification ation against them in case the war broke out and we joined in and then they destroyed wake them up this literally R it right to the ground and we never rebuilt there because it just was kind of disheartening that they would do something almost just for fun so a lot of conflict going on at the time here's number another one of our differences we had the the great Chief delis Heath the chief of the warmings now remember this is Wasco country his people are up around the corner they have different tribes up there with different names his tribes are the Tino the W right there at cilo there was a PA this weekend and the Halloween powow something to have fun with and then teach the kids is the real point and then the dopus people and then more Inland were the uh the Ty people or the Wasco folks um the Contemporary name is called the dalls Wasco and then you have the dog River or the Hood River Wasco and then the waala people so again totally people we I had one of my co-workers came in and told me oh these darn Wasco she's complaining about the Wasco today about them being independent of each other they only group up whenever they darn well feel like it it's mainly money and uh they're just off elter Skelter and I hated to tell her but yeah that's kind of the way Ros are all the time and the Warm Springs folks are they love to group up more they're no more tribal than we us down river was I got a mix of both so I'm not quite sure who I am you have um a cycle of life here our year again like the chief that was standing right here says the new year starts on the um the uh longest night shortest day and um we have ceremonies throughout the year to thank the Creator for the gifts that the creator has given us and think about water the fish let's see water tub the fish is U um what is fish yeah um deer Yash Roots K and berries we UPR River languages and it goes back to water and those are the ceremonies that we have done since I was a baby boy the same way carry it over and we thank the Creator for the gifts we thank the Creator for the first fish the first kill in somebody's life we celebrate somebody's wonderful life that they lived through the burials at last ceremonies go 4 days I always wondered how does this work and my dad died in a real terrible way and if it wasn't for the Indian ways I don't think I would have made it it was really wonderful it really was a therapy to me I went through there the elders talked and they teached and it was really a wonderful proceeding and a lot of it in our own languages so throughout the year we lived our lives and remember one of the things that our people did very much again another cultural clash with Americans where we shared prop properties we shared lands we took care of lands for the benefit of the community and then you know some things we started trading if we took care of our home Village first then we could start thinking about those around us that helped us protect our integrity both militarily economically socially and culturally and um so what you folks in intervention you know invented to us was the idea that one person could own something and that their benefit could be just for them and then also that it could be squared up chopped up and sold into little pieces for us that belong to the whole tribe that belong to the whole group and we took care of the again like let's say the roots areas we took care of those for the benefit of the tribes some folks say was waste um all of the American in the new Colonial type of country looked at our lands and our management of lands as wasteful John Lock said is that uh we need to do it in a modern more Technology Way multiply the production 10 times 100 times a thousand times and uh so here we were is that better or worse we have we had cultural areas that have been productive and helped us for thousands and thousands of years and think about the Dust Bowl it wasn't too long in the Dust Bowl the greatest grass lands in the world were turned into dust George Washington here's a very great example of where America was back in George Washington's time George Washington said the gradual extension of our settlements will as certainly cause the Savage as the wolf who retire both being beasts of prey though they differ in shape part the misspelling we were not agrarian we weren't Farmers we weren't people that squared up the land most of us some tribes did we weren't people that wrote things down we weren't people that taught things uh over you know in kind of the way that was civilized people understood we haunted we were no man and um we were beasts and as the wolf George Washington saying the wolf does survive very well in some areas but only because the wolf has a lot of cunning and because there's areas for the wolf well the Indians can have to do the same type of thing very hard statement to be made but that's nevertheless with those colonies that were going to become states in the dream that later the the real myth Builder the real story teller Thomas Jefferson is going to be talking about the the lands that aren't the United States yet as a garden a wonderful garden and oh I didn't I forgot to put the quote up here about in the same era to leave them in possession of their country was to leave a country uh leave the country A wilderness Wilderness again equated to wild evil a waste the doctrine of Discovery is loud and clear discovers have the ultimate dominion over inding lands this court case is a part of a a three part thing that Indian law you have to study I'm not a lawyer I'm a Layman on that but the ultimate Dominion how could they I can't understand the tremendous leap of of looking at us as being uh owners of the land for thousands of years to just become again subordinate to these powers in this case it would be um I think the first case was like with England and then it gradually became the United States that they had ultimate dominion over us our people have roamed on this land free for thousands of years how can somebody say we didn't own it the Creator gave us these lands did we have title yes we control these areas here if you came down river like leou and Clark did they had to pay their toll to get through our country they had to pay our people to get some help when we traded they had to pay our price they didn't like those darn endings they just know these these folks asked for real high prices who do they think they are we were used to trading with these real hard nosed down river Indians and those other folks and then North and South the tremendous uh um Mark here of trade economic trade happening right in here both east and west north and south this is a uh George had this picture up uh a Wasco fell i' have to look it up but Wasco fell he talked about the fore heads of the Wasco people uh very proud people um our folks were rounded up and In 1855 is uh Phil Sheridan uh had a skirmish with our folks and we had nine folks that Phil Sheridan executed down river at Cascade Locks Chen chth was one of them and some of our relatives there's a wonderful book that uh my relative Chuck Williams does um on The Bridge of the Gods Mountain of Fire Chuck's a relative and he's a wonderful person and he doesn't look like an Indian I remember when I first met him that we argued around about it until he knew people that I knew his family and included them in a number of stories that I've heard too um Virginia Miller she was a the son or the daughter of U Chief Chen who was murdered and she had her own version her murdered was executed she had her own version of what happened in that uh fil shared an encounter where our folks were there's another side to every story he is up River a tribal person wala wala that uh pretty much had a I think a lot of um when it came to war times the chief had a war Warrior function that he in essence was like a consultant he advised tribes about how to win victories a consultant can you understand that that's amazing but he was very good at War uh kamayan kamin was the guy that got us into trouble down here at Cas lock he was a war chief one of the yak's probably most notable folks the Winston Church Hill of our yaka people at the time uh a genius in leadership uh understood Indians very well understood the inter tribal politics this is your typical down river uh View down in this area with the plank houses made out of cedar cedar is a has got this quality is that if you get a log is that uh you can basically the log will will'll split in boards and not all W do that is that so Cedar will will slip into boards and it's waterproof we didn't design ours here to be totally waterproof but remember when Lewis and Clark wind about down when they're on the coast the rain it never quits and so welcome to Oregon still the same way we have the canoes with the different designs the chinookan design here a little fancier bow those ornaments on there as they went down river you needed a bigger uh bigger canoe and they got fancier too because of they also were a demonstration of wealth canoes went up and down the river as they were traded and there was one canoe that with some debate may have come because of this Trading interchange from Canada and uh so it it gradually because it was such a unique canoe and so well done is that uh the person uh did some good trading with lisis and Clark and Lewis and Clark was very um real happy to get this really ornamental canoe and it was a good deal on their part the tremendous shange of the place the Wild River as uh um George agular talked about it uh for years served us very well the river was just astonishing I'm 57 years old that I was just able as a young person to see what cilo looked like but it was it wasn't just the falls it was a tremendous loss of this this so unique this narrowing Channel where all of the Columbia River would basically focus into about a 50 yard pool or Gap a tunnel almost and the whole river went through there and of course the Indians were I'm sure on the side making bets whether LS and Clark going to make it to the other side because they never tried that cuz they saw people that would die and they did make it through and so somebody had to pay up I just want to talk about the place these are modern archaeology kind of result statements about where the The Villages were all through the Cascade Locks area this is a Shameless advertisement too for our Casino location are there Cascade people at the Bonville Dam Area you bet your own scientists tell us that too our story say that you bet here we are there were um Villages all along the area and remember too Le Clark um spent a lot of time only on the river they didn't know about the other nations there were some tribes come to Washington Side Up The Click at that river that they just didn't think it was a good thing to hang out all the time down the river so they had a large population of people that were away from the river about 5 or 6 miles but that's close enough where they could access the river and come back and forth um again the river was very wild in those areas and tremendously uh productive Place uh most of the villages were on the North side but pretty much the same place very rough to get around you had to go up you had to go on the bottom but you couldn't go through the middle there it's way too dangerous wonderful and exciting wild place up River coming back up River you can see where the DS is is U the dalls today is right here Bondville Dam Dallas Dam right there cilo would be right about here uh where we are is right on top I've got those marked because I'm arguing around with the U debating hopefully a civil way with the Discovery Center about changing their name to maybe a more appropriate name of the villages that were in this area so again take a look see at that is that all up and down the river for whatever purposes we had Villages Friendly Village is right there that's where there a Clark dropped into the it's also a place called Doug's beach now where wind Surfers I got involved that's my job to date I go out there and I make sure listen folks is that your Recreation is wonderful it's all that but you're not going to destroy these cultural resources they're cultural resources to you but they're sacred resources to me you better take it easy so I was able to Bluff them long enough to get tribal support to come in and help and we have have a strip that goes right down the middle of the site where they can go and access their fish of their their wind surfing SES I do the same thing down at another place called Spring Creek where we control the wind Surfers to be more consistent in align with the the uh the fisherman not to get in the way of our fisherman we have memaloose Islands L Clark talked about I don't even know how to say it sou seal cury they're islands of the Dead mou means islands of the Dead there's another one right there um uh those are places where the Wasco people buried their folks the last thing those folks wanted was to be put in the ground they got put in the vaults and that was one of the last things according to Mr Williams is spok is talks about Chief Chen with was very concerned about being put into the ground that that scared me more than getting shot he wanted to be out on the open ground so Indian Country a clco twin clat what's suck uh what else was there uh these have a couple of real heavy duty names that uh that's the problem how do we get some of these names because they're so difficult to say well that's one of those things as a country we need to think about is that the real truth the real I think there's some things that are so wonderful there we have to just learn things to be easy I think that's part of uh part of our problem life is too easy for us on some front see here's the other Wasco there's a Wasco right there and there's a Wasco up river which would be right about there and that's where that Wasco is that's the fishing Wasco and all along there where those Narrows were that that one Indi made a lot of money off of the other folks is that there were Villages along there because again wonderful productive fishing site here's a modern again view of archaeologist I am going to be talking probably somewhere down river I got a kick out of arm swings person that was here it was all down river to him when he was here I don't know who that was down river this was down river I got a kick out no wonder those guys get lost H these uh these are all kick speakers here they're all the people that speak the language of the bals that's where we are now the dog River and the Cascade W flas CL speak would speak the same language of K we all scutes cath Classics we didn't get along with those folks all the time because you know who does you know you get along with your in-laws you get along with your brother and your sister not all the time but same language same type of houses a lot of same Customs a lot of same religions is that but again later in time when the the US government and their wisdom saw putting us move them over here move this Bunch over there that reservation this over here to that reservation most of these folks came over here to Warm Springs some of them went over to yont some of them went over to the uh settes and the grand rition the chief the other day talked about two brothers one enrolled and Yak en rolled in water strings and they were the same family so that's part of our challenge is to how do we work with folks now that our new reality is is uh we get we get more done with the us working as a Confederacy more of a corporate approach one time there was a skull that was found in the D they were doing a sear system right down just like patment like this right down the middle of the street and they boom they hit something and they dug around it it was a Native American skull cuz it had beads and buck skins along with it somehow or another it ended up in Yakama the skull so our archaeologist he Louis Lou he calls me up and says we're going to soon they bu too late through Federal laws and about three state laws we're not going to sue our relatives we invoke traditional law I call them up I say hey Uncle um hey Uncle uh I think we better complete the work on our Brethren and we need to bring them back on home here we have the buckins and we have the tulies and our chief wants to uh meet as soon as we can what time we got next week Wednesday we did too and uh we got it together under tribal traditional law and took care of that person Buck skins and everything that's back I don't know if you folks knew me back when I would drive up and down the river with my car full of Tuli mats and buck skins to make sure this would happen and be ready both tribes the worm Springs and the Wasco needed both of those so we the Indian law like some folks are talking about Indian law being dead Indian ways tradition Tamal they call it Upstream the Wasco call it Tai Tai wow uh that's one of the easier Wasco words is that it's the authority that the land has towards us the land has Authority our way we have authority of the land the land has authority over us um you're going to be if you're going to be one of those Lou and Clark rupes and you're going to go down river is that here's are some of the tribes down river I'm working with the halem class gentleman by the name of Dick bash these are his two tribes is that there's the Kooks they call them tiluks these days talans all words that you hear yam Hills all very much very native American words um northern the molala people pushed over here for for a while until we got the numbers and we push them back does that give them rights over here well we all we know for sure give them some relatives over there here's another modern depiction again of another person look at that language group right there all the way to the coast the ti people the Tino the docus the WAMS the wos again the three tribes that's they forget the dog River wos the clamus again relatives is said but again how do we work this out well we got to talk to it they have to know who they are down river we know who we are up River and look at this 13 different bands of p in the state of Oregon how many people know that um we worked with a uh repatriation with a husin tribal Folks at Lake a down here uh by Lake View there was a a a burial that happened and then when they were trying to make things better for ducks they Unearthed this burial and I heard about it in I was coming down the elevator the door open there's this great big tall State Historical preservation gu Lou we didn't mean to do it we didn't mean to do it whoa whoa whoa what what didn't you mean to do we issued a permit for them down here but they didn't follow the permit he said and so how did we go about doing that look at our reservation is way up here well we have three tribes War streets Wasco and Pou and the POU folks haven't really broken themselves since specifically about who the blood is on our reservation they uh chose to try to work with the their relatives down here and one of our guys says wait a minute a council we have 11 member Council they took a going to take a vote on this but I don't think they have any rights one of our people says because they didn't sign the treaty down here in 1855 but the new tool that we have to help our own tribal folks is the tribal Constitution it said every Tribal member will have an equal opportunity to the economic in all the services of the tribe so all of our P folks could access our attorney they can access me they wanted to use me to help put a solution to this and so we were able to get money to help protect the place we were able to get to authority to help protect the place the violators were cornered and taken care of and that place I think today is being protected way out of our area here way out of this well we don't care if we want to take care of business we have to take care of business as Indians not as a kind of contemporary corporations take a look at this this these are the lands that we gave to the United States 10 million Acres of Warm Springs on roughly our reservations roughly from that end to there is about 70 mil to the river we have 650,000 acre reservation from Cascade Locks to 44th parallel Blue Mountains Willow Creek and the columia river 10 million Acres we gave to the United States United States didn't give us anything we gave up title to the United States in return for treaty rights treaty right for fish your H you gather Roots gather berries and pasture our stocks and it's a contract anything you don't give up in negotiations you still have so our way life we preserve well count that 10 million acres plus the 12 million that the Aima gave the the the 8 or 9 million that the illas gave and the about 40 million Acres that the nest first played at one time NES first were very good to LS Clark did that make any difference not at all they were in the way they were directly in the way gold was discovered the reservation got smaller and smaller and smaller uh Chief Joseph of land down here I think were a battle to protect that still happening uh so that's first people again one way to tell how people are doing in Indian count is how much land do you have on your reservation that's under tribal control or ownership about 15% about 60% about 50% under tribal ownership or control 99% yeah I might hurt my shoulder pack myself on the back on that and again we have different rights all through this area that we gave to the United States and even outside of it because usual and accustom we fish at mam falls about Oregon City we go down in Tony par country over there and hey Tony and uh uh Tony has come back to us with the evidence of our people being there our folks still go there and down here in Eugene the type of thing folks traded down there and did some fishing State tremendous roots in this area great hunting over here and uh we have to partner with the UMAS and we share certain areas and we go pick bories up here in a place called trout lake and um so how much have we given I remember I was mad at somebody from Hood River they says well on this economic Venture of Cask L what do we get out of this from the Indians said well what perspective do you want to put it if you put it in the the big one everything you got in the way of land and wat you got from us so let's start there okay so this is what the reservation looks like we have 650,000 Acres given to us by the US government said no no no no we reserve exclusive title of that if anybody gave it to us in our opinion our belief system says the Creator gave that to us we formalize that with legal structure and Trust language such with the US government cuz we weren't quite sure what was going to happen we have roughly uh 70,000 Acres of lands that we put into Wilderness status all of our raran zones are protected because that's a great investment into the future we're not sure how those systems work so why mess with them and we have uh 300,000 Forest Acres of forest with about 270,000 that's commercial we have a thing at on our reservation that I Coes said Governor kits hopper in the state of Oregon was bragging about the restoration of the grand R Valley and river system and the Ala down here to restore them because they're unproductive and broke them our slogan is why break it in the first place we take care of our reservation I'm very proud of it this is the 10 million Acres we gave to the United States I marked that out myself there's the county of Jefferson County they have no Authority on reservation we have to work with 13 counties within the state of Oregon to protect our off-reservation way of life go the other way around it again here's the U Cascades the bend is roughly right about there um John day is right about right there I guess it would be uh right in this area we have a chairman his named SAA s p p ah well I found whole document that had original spelling it's SOA TS o p paa SOA and these people are from right in there and they they mingled with the umet so he's got a Yakama wife right now so he's got the bases covered in this area one point on the Louisiana Purchase this is some of the darn arrogance of not you know not leou and Clark they had their own style of arrogance that according to uh Gil is that she felt like some of the uh uh Gilman uh Carolyn Gilman she felt like some of that arrogance was being softened by the fact that when they ran and encountered to Indian folks all along the way that they saw some things that were quite different if not better and done in a way that was peaceful and loving and then M and cl were really quite U kind of a bu in the china shop they really didn't understand really a lot of the trading of prot that had to happen especially when they came through here and they didn't have anything that we wanted when they came through here cuz we can get it all we already were trading with folks on the you know down at the Columbia River with the Chinese and with the other folks that came through the area that that the Pacific Ocean was a highway of trading people would come through there Chinese and um Hawaiians um other folks coming into the area one point Louisiana Purchase some people say that's the biggest real estate purchase that ever happened there wasn't One exchange of real estate in the Louisiana Purchase all it was was those big arrogant Nations the big boys club nation states were getting the preemptive right United States bought the preemptive right to then buy those lands from the rightful owners The Many Nations within the area took them 10 and some years either through War treaties are just simply taking the lands to then negotiate with the uh the land owners same thing over here in Oregon is uh Oregon's territorial history is really something too the first territorial court cases by guy by the name of George H Williams were it's amazing I would never have believed this were slavery cases to free the black people that was this guy black is is Oregon was Oregon is a is a territory is was it um slaves to be free or not there's a place called Rush Prairie that was where black people would group up to try to figure out the lay of the land how safe it was to either be free or not free cuz some places it wasn't healthy for a black person to be free so again Louisiana Purchase they had to buy the lands from the rightful owners after the purchase in 1803 Thomas Jefferson this kind of I read about the um Tony you were talking about how many books have you read I read about 15 books on chapon I went to the Pal's bookstore I figured there'd be a nice little section on Thomas Jefferson no they have three is on both sides 12 ft High three is nothing but Thomas Jefferson just wow he wrote things down he wrote these thoughts he uh he had a debate with the Madison and Hamilton of those guys and so this is a compilation again of U of uh one of the uh writers I didn't bring it with me but uh these writings a belief that people are capable of self-government a belief in desexualized small government units and a belief in the need for public deliberation of civic education through participation in politics is that America sort of yeah yeah could be yeah some places it is some places we're falling far short and I love this one I got we all have a little radical blood in us I hold it that a little Rebellion now then is a good thing as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical and that was a statement that Thomas Jefferson and Matthews wrote about that and some of his more radical views of things so Thomas Jefferson and remember what people said about Thomas Jeffers he never left his home over there on the East Coast he just stood over there but he learned a lot and read a lot and he had a sense and feeling and he was a myth Builder a story Builder that created a lot of Dreams in our folks's head about pushing West they one of the guys has a story about what they talked about the wamit valley they said the wamit valley is such a productive place that's where the pigs cook themselves unfinished Revolution that's who we are this is a part of that unfinished Revolution that's why I talk about greatness part of the challenge of us as Americans is needing to accept the diversity not only off out of country but in country we are Nation within a nation you can discriminate against me in two ways one is you don't like my color my hair my attitude Ah that's too bad we can't we can't do anything with that or you can attack my form of government that I work with so be aware of how you impact our tribal governments here's the dalls 1884 there's uh let me see if I can get back here there's St M Creek our treaty was signed right in here Treaty of 1855 wow what a place uh uh twin clot right there Wasco was right here Village uh klasco was right there uh what's up I don't know if it's on here I think it's right here oh it's right here right here what's up right by the suur there's a Fisheries plant right there where God by the name of sufur became a millionaire where are we going the next 200 years this says it more than any way I could say this is a chairman on the East Coast who says a casino is not a statement of who we are but only a means to get us where we want to be we had tried poverty for 200 years so we decided to try something else it's not a wonderful statement all right we've had enough of your poty we're going to try something else so I really appreciate uh I'm not sure you know if I I kept the threads going I have a lot of problem with the I think the legal fictions that have been created by our attorneys in the United States pertaining to Native Americans and and U that's something we need to look at down the road to become better uh Lewis and Clark encountered various cultures and was I think more impacted by those cultures they ran into than they did otherwise changes came later tremendous changes came free flowing river into pools with the trash fish warm water fish incredible lands that were Huckleberry fields and root areas turned into anything but productive for our way of life mendous change and We're In It Together see Seattle said you know we need to work together and again The Unfinished experiment that the great Thomas Jefferson talked about that's where we are now and so please just the next 200 years sure some of us are going to be around that 200 years but uh the idea is is that you know the legacies that we leave we need to start thinking about today so that's all I have and I sure appreciate it I'm not sure if we have time for questions or not yeah we have time for a couple couple of questions if anyone has some questions for Lou please raise your hand I'll bring the microphone around so everybody can hear it I'm not sure why back station the reason that back 0% land um why we gave land to the United States we it back unit yes well it wasn't back to it was two United States never owned it in the first place so it was our own the hit that's number one step they acknowledge that it was the deal that was struck in as people talked about the mock and grael we heard of the tremendous interactions that were happening that were real brutal towards the Indians and we heard about the numbers that were happening the the West was changing a tremendous influx pursuing the American dream the garden and so we saw things were changing our own people our own folks that were future seers saw a tremendous change and we made the best deal we could and uh a treaty we negotiated still our challenge is to try to get the United States to live up to it and that's where that the plan was given to the county but getting you folks as state citizen County Citizens to live up to that deal too so it's this the best deal we could cut that was where we're at okay we probably have time for one more question for Lou I was just curious when you show the V how much of the land is in the reservations was controlled by the tribes and you were saying warsing what happened in the reservations oh well one of the things with the luck of the draw is where were the easiest passages to get to the garden and some of those tribes that were in the way were the Unlucky ones inding R uh M HSE is that basically gold uh was what really split them up they were in the way uh yumaa is again they're right along the Oregon Trail the Yas made War the yamas have some of the best agricultural lands in the Pacific Northwest Barn Springs wor over there we got one of the biggest enemies of agrarian societies was trees trees are in way we got stuck with this 300,000 Acres of these darn trees they're big ugly trees you can't get rid of them so in a way you know we were some people say we were lucky um I think our elders at that time were thinking and trying to make some good educated guesses about what's going to happen down the road all along the way since then too we've had great leadership that have really tried to do the best for us and maximize some people sold out we couldn't resist the short-term benefit of getting lands the money that comes in immediately from leases or renting or sales and so they couldn't resist that we we our our leadership was so powerful they didn't want to see us do that and they got enough control they even told at one time the superintendent about what this allotment act called the Gau Act it didn't get up here is um U that he we got the superintendent this traditional government to actually find money in DC and buy the Lance and keep it in tribal ownership wonderful leadership so that answer okay thank you all right thank you Lou for joining us here in T and be presenting the 10 voices again tomorrow afternoon it's at 3:00