Provenance Note

Note: The original documents were provided by a John Pashia. Mr. Pashia donated these documents as part of his family papers to The State Historical Society in Missouri, Rolla Research Center. His family were of the Durand and Thomure families. He found the documents at the home of a great aunt after her passing so he did not have a lot of information as to how she came into possession of them.

English Translation

[Page 1] In front of us the Don Francois Valle Lieutenant of the militia, interim Commandant of the post of St. Genevieve of Illinois were present Mr. Jean Dodge, inhabitant of the post and his wife Dame Anne Keen from him authorizes to the effect hereof which they acknowledge having ceded and abandoned now and always, in accordance with the right and title which was granted by the Mr. Lieutenant Governor of Illinois and promising to guarantee to disturb all debts dower (widow’s share) mortgage and other claims generally some, to Mr. Joseph Monmivele, living in this position at the present time and accepting a plot of one arpent (.85 acres) long on a half arpent wide located on the side of this district holding on to a side of the land of Mr. Matise de Laietre Cotte on a street which separates from the land of Mr. Laviollete, on which land the said Sir Josephe Momirele occupies a small house belonging to him. This cession and abandonment of land thus made by means that the said Mr. Josephe Monmirele will be obliged to maintain half of the trails between him and his neighbors, and will not claim any issue on the land that is being ceded since so has been convened between the parties involved the execution of the presenters and their dependency is their address on designated at which place

[Page 2] promising and obliging and renouncing and made and paid at St. Genevieve of twenty-three of the month of May, the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two and the parties are signed in the presence of Messrs Louis Tomellier and Pierre Chevallier witnesses of assistance who have signs with us interim commander.

[Page 3] abandonment of property by Jean Dodge

[Page 4] To Sir, Mister Don Francois Valle, civil and military commandant of the St. Genevieve of Illinois Post Living in this post, Joseph Monmirel humbly begs the Honor to express that he would like to obtain an arpent and a half of land in front of the forty of depth in on the side of the barrier at (oiet? Ocet?) of the cession from Israel Dodge; what was granted from the supplicant will not cease to address the voices to the heavens for your conservation/health at St. Genevieve this 24th of April, 1797. Marked by Joseph Monmirel. St. Louis, September 13, 1797 The surveyor of this jurisdiction, Dr. Antoint Soulard, will put Mr. Monmirel, in profession of the land which he asks by the present request, after which he will draw up a verbal report of his survey for the acreage to be brought back to us, and sent to Mr. commandant of the province to be by him definitively decided on the concession of the said land. Jenon Mideace

[Page 5] I, me, Francois, while under my ordinary mark and in the presence of witnesses recognize and obligate myself to pay J. B. Bossier, Jean Vallé, Joseph Moreau the sum of sixty "gourdes" for the purchase of land in St. Genevieve the seventeen of August 1813 payable in one year. Witness

[Page 7] Owed François Durand A. Charles Archameau as a follows here for your knowledge a balance of all our accounts of this day 28 of the month of March 1819- of the sum ————————————–$39 followed here underneath ———————- 14 April resolder the front of a plow together and reheated and resized the coulter and made a dowel for the coulter and the plow pole —————– 1 ——— 50 ———– 16 may – made a stamp. (illegible) 2 ——— ʺ ———— 20 july rebuilt (or reformed) plow —– ʺ ——— 50 ———– 27 Decembre – tightened one axe and tightened another ——– 1——— 75 ———– 1820 5 fevrier Welded and tightened an axe ——————– ʺ ——— 75 ———– 1 le avril _ Tightened a plow coulter and reshuffled the plow —– 2 ———- ʺ ———— 47-50 31-12 ½ 16 – 37 ½ $47 – 50

[Page 8] I leave MP’s account – Francois Durant aka Monmirel this day at St. Genevieve this seven of the month of December one thousand eight hundred twenty ———–Charles Archambau

[Page 9] Received from Mr. F. Montmirel for James Winston the sum of three (and a half) piasters (dollars) half of her Banc Ste. Genevieve this 26 Dec 1822.

$3.50 Ferdinand Roziere Note: The banc referred to here is likely the banc in the church. Churches were financed by individuals and/or families buying pews at the church in which to sit, and sometimes were furnished by the family crest. Hudon, P. (2019). Une pratique disparue : Payer son banc de famille à l’église. Retrieved from https://journallemonteregien.com/une-pratique-disparue-payer-son-banc-de-famille-a-leglise/

[Page 10] M. Francois Durant aka ʺMonmiselleʺ to Menard Vallé ______________________________________________________________________________ 1826 Mar 26 1 White metal plate 50 May 17 1 Coffee $1.. + Cotton fabric for women 250 3 50 26 1 case & razor 250 + 2 red handkerchiefs 75 3 25 July 4 Cash remitted back to you 10 50 17 1 c nails 25 Sept 13 1 /r woollard 75 + 1 lett tapes + loucoupes 50…. 1.25 14 1 bottle port wine 1.25 2 50 Oct 1 1 syringe 3.50. 1 ville spike 3/5 + vis 12_ 4 00 20 1 green cover + lining 6.75 2 covers 2 ½ points 9.00 ¾ yd Ratteen or cotton fabric .75 16 50 Nov 3 1 pair shoes 3 00 26 1 Brandywine powder 62 29 6 yd Bimbajette fleurie 50 $3 1 musket flint 12 3 12 Dec 17 1 Razor clip 1.50 1825 1 Boite emenie 3 4/5 1 8 4/5 Jan 25 6 yds cotonnade $1.50 + 5 yds white cotton 1.25 2.75 2 ginga 50 + 1 handkerchief 25 .75 3 50 Mar 16 6 yds Indien fabric 25 1 50 Juillet 28 1 knife 2 handles + 1 babong 1 50 Aout 29 6 Luc_ _ 1 ʺ Sept 19 4 yd Indian curtain 1.33/2 + 3 yds ginja 75 2 08 ½ octob 20 1 _ _ fer _ _ re_____ andiron 3 coffee + Sugar 2 5 00 Dec 28 6 sugar 1 00

1826 Avoir $ 65.20 Juillet 22 par 1 river trip $.50 1825 Nov 30 « 2 trip from _e _ chy __joire Lemba__kalesba_ 1.25 1 75

Your account open against _ Valle. Francois B. Valle + B. Valle fils 56 25 E. E. Bat du M + V 7 23 ___due this 26 Jan 1826 a Menard + Valle __ Rylemenz seven piasters + twenty three dos Fr Menard + _____ Felix Valle Added 1 hand ax 3 00 $10 23

Note: brandywine powder – gun powder, explosives

[Page 11] 1828 Mr. Francois Montmirel à Menard & Vallé DL Janvier 14 a Balance due $20.85 15 ʺ 1/r womens shoes 1.00 19 ʺ 3 jars of Graye 150 4.50 28 ʺ 1 chamber pot .50 29 ʺ 1 pint malaga wine 25 ʺ 1 door lock 25 $ 27.37 ½ Debt Par B_ Moreau $10.00 deduction for 1 chamber pot 12 10 12 $17.25 Received payment on the balance cy haut de 19 $ 25/100 (mentioned above) Menard & Valle

[Page 12] Mr. François Monmiret to Menard & Vallé D 1828 Mars 15 paid to Doc Linn $4.25 24 ʺ ʺ ʺ _ 1.02 ½ 27 ʺ 3 yds white cotton 70$ 60 ʺ 2 handkerchiefs 50 1.10 avril 12 ʺ 1 paper nozzle .31 ¼ Mai 18 ʺ 1 pair shoes to young frock 1.50 26 ʺ 1 clock + received on the account 50 .25 Juin 5 ʺ ½ yd striped cotton $6.00 ʺ Register received on the account 5.12 8 ½ Juillet 5 ʺ 1 fine hat , 3.50 12 ʺ The register gives you to you in order to pay ʺ for land that you are buying oes hen ʺ tien aubrichon 80.00 13 ʺ 2 bottles of roux 125 $2.50 ʺ Register receives on the account 1.50 1.00 26 ʺ ½ lb powder 2 p crushed lead .50 Aug 4 ʺ 2 ½ yds blue sheets 2so $6.25 ʺ 1 ½ tissue 3/ 40 ½ yds cotton 18 ¾ 56 ¼ ʺ buttons 25 & 2 pts Swiss 1 1.25 ʺ 6 yds Mayenne linen 25 1.50 ʺ 5 ½ yds blue linen ʺ 1 3 ¼ ʺ 5 ʺ blue cotton 1.25 ʺ1 tailor template 75 ʺ 5 yds brown cotton 1.00 ʺ 1 level 12 ½ ʺ 6 plates 50 & 1/r talliere 50 1.00 ʺ 2 painted moques 25 15.81 ¼ 28 tobacco carrot 25 / cur 2 dozen eggs 12 12 ¼ Septembre 8 4 skins 1.25 $5.00 1 pair shoes 1.25 6.25 20 Register to yourself 2.50 Octobre 13 un order de D. F. Lenin on you 9.00 30 1 wool hat 1.00 Dec Interest on $80. calculated until 12 Dec 1818 a y/(illegible) 2.35 131.95

[Page 13] 1828 Francois Monmiret Cn February 8 Balance you owe $2.00 March 17 ʺ difference on shoes renoue .25 July 4 ʺ belt with 22 lead weights 1324 3.97 10 ʺ porter a St. Michel 3 Bils gel 1.50 ʺ brought back 66 lead bars 1046 3.13 4.03 30 ʺ Guided trip to St. michel 2.00 ʺ brought back 1 trip 1338 lead 4.00 6.00 September 20 type of plow for Gillis 5.50 November 3 one of your ladies paid for you 10.00 Dec Balance due 99.59 131.95

1828 December a Balance due $99.59 4 _ _ _ _ Scott 11______ 88.59

2 dozen eggs 12 1 trip to lamerie 2.62______ July 2.00 $35.97 in order to have brought (illegible) 50

1828 Dec 5 M F Monmirel a/c due $ 88.59 12 ½ 88.46 ½

[Page 14] Received at St. Genevieve on 15 August 1829 from Mr. Francois Monmirel the sum of 48 piastres and 60 cents for the balance of the account on this day

$48.32 Menard & Valle by J jr. Amoureux

Received from Mr. François Durand the total for state taxes and for the account for the year one thousand eight hundred twenty nine this 23 August 1829–$2.50 ¾ C Coyle the account collector (handwritten seal)

St. Genevieve 9 November 1829 from Mr. Francois received the sum of fifteen piasters and sixty cents for the balance of all accounts to now. (illegible) Menard & Valle by jr. Amoureux

Page 15 & 16 (Transcription):

Le présent contrat de mariage fait et passé à la Vielle Mine, dans le comté de Washington état de Missouri ce dix-septième jour de mois de Septembre de l’an mil huit cent trente trois par et entre François Durand agé de quarante ans, natif de Ste. Geneviève, fils de Joseph Durand et de Josette Thibaut ses père et mère décédés futur époux d’une part, et de Judith Colman agée de vingt-deux ans, native du sus dit village de la vieille Mine, fille de Bernard Colman et de Froisine Robert ses père et mère vivants future épouse d’autre part ; lesquels futurs époux de l’avis, du consentement et agrément des sus dits père et mère de la dite future épouse et en présence de Louis Robert, Jean Portois, Etienne Lamarque et Louis Boger témoins sous signés sont convenus, ont consenti et agrée les conditions suivantes qui doivent régler leur dite société conjugale.

1. Que tous les lieus des dits futurs époux meubles et immeubles, de quelque nature qu’ils soient et en quel que lieu qu’ils soient situés, biens présents et à venir soient en tout communs entre les dits futurs époux.

2. Que les dettes contractées avant la célébration du dit mariage seront payées par celui qui les aura contractées.

3. Le futur époux a doué et doue sa future épouse de la somme de trois cents piastres pour lesquelles le dit futur époux hypothèque dès aujourd’hui et pour toujours ses biens meubles et immeubles, lesquelles trois cent piastres la dite future épouse aura droit de prendre sur les biens du futur époux sur prisée d’inventaire sous qu’elle soit obligée d’en faire demande en justice.

4. Dans le cas du prédécès de l’un des futurs époux et qu’il y ait des enfants nés ou à naitre du dit futurs mariage le survivant des futurs époux aura droit comprendre comme lui appartenant légitimement et pour toujours la moitié des biens meubles et immeuble de la dite communauté de quelque nature que soient ces biens et dans quelque lieu qu’ils soient situés.

5. Par l’amitié que se portent réciproquement les futurs époux et dans le cas du prédécès de l’un d’eux sans enfants nés ou à naitre du dit mariage, les futurs époux se font une donation mutuelle et entière pour toujours de tous leurs biens présents et à venir de quelque nature que soient ces biens et dois quelque lieu qu’ils soient situés. En foi de quoi, les futurs époux, leurs parents et amis ici présents ont signé ces présentes à la Vielle Mine, les jour et an mis en tête.

Louis Robert Veuve Colman Francois Durand Marque Marque Marque

Jean Portois Etee Gauveau Judith Colman Marque Marque Marque

Louis Boyer Francois Thibaut Bernard Colman Marque Marque Marque

E. Lamarquee Pierre Colman Froisine Robert Marque Marque

Louis Beloni Colman Joseph Colman Etienne Colman Joseph Moreau

Page 15 & 16 (Translation):

The present contract for marriage is made and concluded at Vielle Mine, in the county of Washington state of Missouri this seventeenth day of the month of September in the year one thousand eight hundred thirty three by and between Francois Durand aged forty years, native of St. Genevieve, son of Joseph Durand and Josette Thibaut his father and deceased mother, future husband on the one hand. And Judith Colman aged twenty two years, native of the said village of Vieille Mine, daughter of Bernard Colman and Froisine Robert her father and living mother, future spouse on the other hand; which future spouses of the opinion, consent, and agreement of the said father and mother of the future wife and in presence of Louis Robert, Jean Portois, Etienne Lamarque et Louis Boger witnesses undersigned agreed, consented and agreed to the following conditions that must regulate their said conjugal agreement.

1. That all places of said future spouses, furniture and real estate, of whatever nature and wherever they are located, present and future goods are may be in common between the said future spouses.

2. That the debts contracted before the celebration of marriage will be paid by the one who contracted them.

3. The future husband has gifted and gifts his future wife the sum of three hundred piasters for which the said future wife mortgages from today and forever her goods and real estate, which three hundred piasters the said future wife will be entitled to take on the property of the future husband upon inventory valuation under what she is rightfully obligated to apply.

4. In the case of death of one of the future spouses, and in such case that there were children born or to be born of said future marriage the surviving future spouse will have the right to be understood as legitimately belonging to the other forever half of the property and real estate of the said community of whatever nature that may be these good and in whatever place they may be located.

5. By the mutual friendship the future spouses and in the case of death of one of them without children born or to be born of said marriage, the future spouses make mutual and entire donation forever of all their present and future goods of whatever nature these goods are and owe whatever place they are located. In faith of which the future spouse, their parents, and friends present here have signed at Vielle Mine, today’s day and year.

Louis Robert Widow Colman Francois Durand Mark Mark Mark

Jean Portois Etee Gauveau Judith Colman Mark Mark Mark

Louis Boyer Francois Thibaut Bernard Colman Mark Mark Mark

E. Lamarquee Pierre Colman Froisine Robert Mark Mark

Louis Beloni Colman Joseph Colman Etienne Colman Joseph Moreau

Note: Names designated with ‘mark’ are signed by a cross.

Page 17 (Transcription): Cover sheet for marriage contract

Durand Wife Marriage Contract (Illegible) September 23, 1833 Illegible signature Durand Book page 400. Illegible signature

[Page 18] Received from Mr. Francois Durand three piasters twenty nine under the tax account for the year one thousand eight hundred thirty two. St. Genevieve, September 28, 1832. $3.29

Eloy S.E. tax collector

[Page 19] Mr. Francois Monmirel aka Durand to Menard & Valle bill ______________________________________________________________________________ 1832

June 26 a 3 yds of cotton 25 75 July 9 ʺ 5 cups & 10 Sugar $3 & 6 yds firiga (Indian word?) 3.20 24 ʺ 1 Leghorn hat 4.50 $ ribbon for the same 103 3.53 ʺ yyds Indian fabric 25 4.45 1.7 7.28 30 ʺ 1 pr leather shoes 1. ʺ August 23 ʺ 5 sugar 50 29 ʺ 1 pr leather shoes 1 & 1 handkerchief 38 & 1 bottle oil 1 2.38 ʺ 1 pce cotton fabric for old Paul 1 Robert 1 5.00 7.38 Sept 10 Coffee & sugar 1.50 24 2 bottles a 2 sleeves 8 ½ $1.75 & a paper skin 75 2.50 Oct 11 10 sugar & 22 cup 4. » 15 23 yds firiga 22 $5.06 & 3 y & aroget blue (cough syrup) 1.50 6.56 3 " capinett 8 ½ $2.63 & buttons 25 2.88 24 6 ¼ blue cotton fabric $1.25 & 1 pr shoes 1.25 2.50 1 pr strong shoes for Andre 1.75 14.19 3 yds cotton fabric .50 26 1 pr large shoes for Andre 1.50 Nov 10 1 linen cover de 3 ½ pts 6.00 1 d 3 » 3.50 9.50 24 5 ʺ skein of long cotton string 2. ʺ 1833 Feb 6 pay for birdseye (plant) for the balance you owe him for a clock 25.50 1 pr de reins & 1 bridle 1.25 Received on account .50 .75 7 1 pr of better shoes for Andre 2.00 Mar 22 1 pr of large Chickasaw shoes 1.25 1 » d for girl .63 1.88 $ 85.43 your bill on the date of 13 June 1832 but carries interest from 25 May 1832 278.46 interest on the said date since 25 may 1832 until 25 May 1833 16.71 295.17 380.50 1833 Amount of your Greori, on the other hand 111.31 May 29 Received your bill for two hundred sixty and nine 269.19 piasters & 19 would may have that paying will be why (remainder is illegible)

[Page 20] Account for M. Francois Monmirel 1832 June 26 Par 1 roux made for R. Fryer 8.00 July 12 Repair made on wagon at marshall 3.00 Money you paid on account 1.00 2.00 30 1 pr. de painted roux 1 spice & needles 11.00 pous penidre et bottles, wages from roux coming from the inheritance of Bastien 2.00 13.00 Oct 3 Travel from the mine at La Motte 25 vares 14.30 $3.58 d0 from a barrel of corn flour .37 d travel from lead mine at La Motte 12.49 3.12 11 d0 d0 d0 d0 d0 1280 3.20 10.27 14 d0 d0 d0 d0 d0 1511 3.77 17 ʺ three barrels of lard at the mine d0 1.50 20 d0 1 travel to the lead mine at La Motte 2911 7.23 12.50 24 ʺ 1 d0 ʺ ʺ 1636 4.09 Nov 9 ʺ money received from Reed 3.50 15 ʺ 1 cowhide 44 5 2.20 24 ʺ styling of red thick fur (?) for Perkins 9.00 Dec 20 ʺ Trip from Fourneau to Chievre of 1204 24 ʺ from Hill residence ʺ 1587 Trip of 5 bags of jel for juice 1.62 13.18 Feb 6 1 pr of roux to Jim Davis 11.00 money that you left (illegible) to pay for your clock 9 20.00 Mar 12 various belts for fanis & fifteen 2.00 20 trip for lead 1305 21 ʺ ʺ ʺ ʺ 1326 24 ʺ ʺ ʺ ʺ 1403 10.07 ʺ of 3 Bils de del for Anthony 1.50 Other postal transports 111.31

[Page 21] 1842 Reverend Mr. Gondolfo to Francois Durand debt the house work of the stone house of the convent shelf in the closaite $1.50 62 ½ stone de wash ___ 2.50 stair (materials) 10.00 partition (materials) 5.40 Breaking the opening for the stairs (demolition) 1.00 Piece of old stairs 2.00 string edge of stairs 2.00 2 doors on the partition 4.00 1 door and stairs 3.00 4 door and woodwork (labor) 24.00 4 windows and woodwork 22.00 3 louvered window and woodwork 19.50 7-21 (illegible) floor 18.03 ¾ 3 25 foot of the frame ambiance 03-25 118-24 ¾

Page 22 (Transcription; page is in English)

J. Nippolitus Gondolfo as acting manager and superintendant of the building of the convent at St. Genevieve. have examined the annex account of Francis Durand and find the same correct amount 2$ 1843-

[Page 23] After all my research up to now has been in vain, it is probable that I will find her in the future. In the meantime, please do me the pleasure of talking to Joseph Moreau who himself signed the sale that was a donation made to us by Captain Bossier in recognition of certain services rendered to one of his children. Finally tell him about the letter from which I present to him my friendship as well as to you and all of your families. Mr. Bossier could maybe give you some information relative to the land. Finally, do not stop in any way with the buyer in any other way than temporarily. Receive my sincere friendship.

Signed Etienne Roussin

P.S. As far as the clerk the years 1812, 1813, and 1814 would have to be examined.

[Page 25] The prisoner of St. Helen.

Why run from me flying swallow ah ! come fly close to me Why flee me when my voice calls you Am I not a traveler like you (bis)

Maybe sadly of the places that saw you born A cruel fate removes you as well as me Come depose your next under my window Am I not exiled like you (bis)

In this desert fate gathers us Do not fear to stay there with me If you moan we will moan together Am I not exiled like you (bis)

When the spring will give you your smile back You will leave my shelter and myself You will fly to the land of the zephyr Can I not sadly fly there like you

You will see again your first homeland The first nest of your loves and myself A cruel fate confienes me here, my life Don’t I have a right more to complain than you End

Note: the word "bis" informs the reader that the last line of the stanza is read twice.

[Page 27] The memories

Do you remember said a captain To a veteran who was begging for bread Do you remember that long ago on the plains You diverted a sabre from my chest Under the flags of a beloved mother Both of us for long have fought I remember for I owe you my life But you, the soldier, tell me do you remember?

2 Do you remember these fast days Where the French acquired so much reputation Do you remember on the pyramids Each one of us engraved his name? Despite the winds, despite the earth, the wave You could see float after having won Our standards (flags) on the cradle of the world Tell me soldier, tell me do you remember

3 Do you remember that the Priests of Iberia Really fought against us? Do you remember when the priests of Italy Before our chiefs have bent the knee Do you remember that on the fields of Germany Our battalions arriving suddenly In four days campaigned Tell me soldier, tell me do you remember

4 Do you remember on these frigid plains Where the French arrived as victors That on it’s front the piled snow Froze the body without cooling the heart Often then in the middle of the alarms His blood flowing and his eye beaten down Still burned when one ran to the weapons Tell me soldier, tell me do you remember?

5 Do you remember these days of infamy Where the stranger arrogantly marched Do you remember that one day our Fatherland Still living, was lowered in a coffin Keep in your heart this day to damn it And when probably Bellone will have appeared Of a chief it will never have to be said Tell me soldier, tell me do you remember

6 Do you remember, that here my voice trembles that I have no more noble memories Come my friend we will cry together While waiting for a better future And when death hovering over my home Will call me to the rest that is owed me You will softly close my brow While telling me my brother do you remember

Translated by: Andrew Fournier

Original French Text

[Page 1] Par devant nous Don François Vallé Lieutenant de milice commandant par interim du poste de Ste. Géneviève des Illinois furent présents Monsieur Jean Dodge habitant en ce poste et Demoiselle Anne Keen son épouse de lui autorise a l’effet des présentes les quels reconnaissent avoir cédé et abandonné dès maintenant et a toujours. Conformément au droits et titre qui en a été accordé par Monsieur Le lieutenant-gouverneur des Illinois et promettant garantir de tous troubler dettes douaire hypothèques et autres revendications généralement quelconque, à Monsieur Josephe Monmisele, habitant en ce poste a ce présent et acceptant un terrain d’un arpent de long sur un demi-arpent de large situe sur les côtes de ce district tenant d’un côté au terrain de Mr. Matise de Laitre. Côté à une ru qui le sépare du terrain de Monsieur Lasiollete, sur le quel dit terrain le dit sieur Joseph Monmisele occupe une petite maison a lui appartenant, Cette cession et abandon de terrain ainsi faite au moyens que le dit sieur Joseph Monmisele sera obligé d’entretenir la moitié des chemins d’entre lui et son voisin, et ne prétendra aucune issus sur le terre des cédante car ainsi a été convenue entres les parties lesquelles pour l’exécution des présentes et de leurs dépendance on élue leur domicile sur désigné au quel lieu

[Page 2] promettant et obligeant et renonçant et faite et passé St. Geneviève de vingt-trois du mois de mai, l’an mil sept cent quatre-vingt-douze et les parties ont signé en présence de Messieurs Louis Tomellier et Pierre Chevallier témoins d’assistance qui ont signés avec nous commandant par intervint

[Page 3] abandon d’un terrain par en Jean Dodge ac11 monmeselle du 23 May 1792

[Page 4] A Monsieur Monsieur Don François Vallé Commandant Civil et Militaire Du poste de Ste Geneviève Des Illinois Supplie humblement Joseph Monmirel habitant en ce poste a L’honneur de vocer (?) exposer qu’il desirerait obtenir un arpent et demi de terre de front de quarante de profondeur dans Les Côte de La barrière au (blocet ? blois ? oiet ? ocet ?) de la tou cessions d’Issraël Dodge ; ce qu’octroyait de suplicant ne cessera D’adresseur des vœux au cell (ciel ?) pour votre conservation à Ste. Genevieve ce 24 avril 1797 Marque de joseph Monmisele St. Louis le 13. 9. 1797 L’arpenteur de cette jurisdiction, Dn. Ant._ Soulard, mettra le Msr. Monmirel, en profession de la terre qu’il demand par la present tequite, a la suitte de laquelle il dressera proces verbal de son arpentage pour le tout à nous raporte, et envoye a Msr le comme. g al de la province etre par lui definitivement statiee sur la concession de la ditte terre Jenon Mideace

[Page 5] Je moi François durant sous ma marque ordinaire et en présence de temoins reconnait et m’oblige de payer à J. B. Basson, Jean Valle, Joseph Moreau la somme de soixante gourdes pour L’achat d’un terrain à Ste. Geneviève de dix-sept Aout 1813 payante eu une année de (page cut) Temoins François (page cut)

[Page 6] Billet des lois Durant (Three personal marks) 60 Page 6 (Explanation) : This page appears to be the written seal of the contract between a man named Francois and Basson, Vallé, and Moreau.

[Page 7] Doit François Durent à charles Archameau comme fuitte isi contre savoir par une balance de tout nos compte de ce jour 28 du mois de mars 1819- de la somme ————————————–$39 fuitte isi contre ———————- 14 avril pour ressouddé le devant dur Locque et rebattu et persè le contre et fait une cheville pour le contre et La perche de charue—————– 1 ——— 50 ———– 16 may – made a stamp 2 ——— ʺ ———— 20 julliette rabattu un sorque—————- ʺ ——— 50 ———– 27 Decembre – rosserri une hache et en ressue une autre ——– 1——— 75 ———– 1820 5 fevrier Loude et ressue une hache ——————– ʺ ——— 75 ———– 1 le avril _ Rasserre un contre de charue et rebattu le sorque —– 2 ———- ʺ ———— 47-50 31-12 ½ 16 – 37 ½ $47 – 50

[Page 8] Ja quitte le compte de MP – fransois durant dit monmirel ce jour à Ste. Geneviève ce sept du mois de décembre mille huit cent vingt ————–Charles Archambau

Marginal comment: Mr. Durant $ 47 = 50 S

[Page 9] Reçu de Mr. F. Montmirel pour James Winston la somme de trois piastres (et demie) jour la moitié de son Banc Ste. Genevieve ce 26 Dec 1822.

$3.50 Ferdinand Roziere (Signature)

[Page 10] M. Francois Durant "dit Monmiselleʺ a Menard Vallé ______________________________________________________________________________ 1826 Mars 26 1 Mat fer blanc 50 May 17 1 Cappee $1.. + Cotonnade __somme 250 3 50 26 1 etui + Rasoir 250 + 2 mouchoirs Rouge 75 3 25 Juillet 4 especes a vous remis 10 50 17 1 c Clous battu 25 sept 13 1 /r carde a laine 75 + 1 lett tapes + loucoupes 50….1.25 14 1 bouteille vin porto 1.25 2 50 octob 1 1 seringue 3.50. 1 ville spike 3/5 + vis 12_ 4 00 20 1 couverte verte + doublure 6.75 2 couverte 2 ½ points 9.00 ¾ yg Ratine ou molton .75 16 50 Nov 3 1/r soulliers 3 00 26 1 poudre ʺBrandywineʺ 62 29 6 yg Bimbajette fleurie 50 $3 1 ouy pierre a feux 12 3 12 Dec 17 1 pince a Rasoir 1.50 1825 1 Boite emenie 3 4/5 1 8 4/5 Jan 25 6 yds cotonnade $1.50 + 5 yds coton blanc 1.25 2.75 2 ginga 50 + 1 mouchoir 25 .75 3 50 Mar 16 6 yds indienne 25 1 50 Juillet 28 1 couteau a 2 manches + 1 babong 1 50 Aout 29 6 Luc_ _ 1 ʺ sept 19 4 yg indienne a Rideau 1.33/2 + 3 yds ginja 75 2 08 ½ octob 20 1 _ _ fer _ _ re_____ chenets 3 caffee + Sucre 2 5 00 Dec 28 6 Sucre 1 00

1826 Avoir $ 65.20 Juillet 22 par 1 voyage a la Riviere $.50 1825 Nov 30 « 2 voyage de _e _ chy __joire Lemba__kalesba_ 1.25 1 75

Votre compte d’ouvraje contre _ Valle. Francois B. Valle + B. Valle fils 56 25 E. E. Bat du M + V 7 23 ___due ce 26 Janv 1826 a __nard + Valle __ Rylemenz sept piastres + vingt trois dos Fr Menard + _____ Felix Valle De plus 1 hache a main (hand ax) 3 00 $10 23

[Page 11] 1828 Mr. Francois Montmirel à Menard & Vallé DL Janvier 14 a Balance due $20.85 15 ʺ 1/r souleen femmes 1.00 19 ʺ 3 jares de Graye 150 4.50 28 ʺ 1 pot chambre .50 29 ʺ 1 pint vin malaga 25 ʺ 1 loquet de porte 25 $ 27.37 ½ Avoir Par B_ Moreau $10.00 deduction dur 1 pot chambre 12 10 12 $17.25 Recu payment de la balance cy haut de 19 $ 25/100 (mentioned above) Menard & Valle par J. r. Amoureux

[Page 12] Mr. François Monmiret à Menard & Vallé D 1828 Mars 15 à payé au Doc Linn $4.25 24 ʺ ʺ ʺ _ 1.02 ½ 27 ʺ 3 yds Cotton blanc 70$ 60 ʺ 2 mouchoir 50 1.10 avril 12 ʺ 1 papier Broquets .31 ¼ Mai 18 ʺ 1 /r Soulien au Jeune Froqué 1.50 26 ʺ 1 cloche + recu a compte 50 .25 Juin 5 ʺ 1/__ cotonade rayée $6.00 ʺ La caisse recu a compte 5.12 8% Juillet 5 ʺ 1 chapeau fin, 3.50 12 ʺ La caisse vous donne pour payer une ʺ terre que vous avez achete oes hen ʺ tien aubrichon 80.00 13 ʺ 2 deux boit à roux 125 $2.50 ʺ La caisse recu à compte 1.50 1.00 26 ʺ ½ lb poudre 2 plomb froqué .50 Aug 4 ʺ 2 ½ yds drap blue 2so $6.25 ʺ 1 ½ toile 3/ 40 ½ yds cotton 18 ¾ 56 ¼ ʺ Boutons 25 2 pt & 1 Suisse 1 1.25 ʺ 6 yds maienne 25 1.50 ʺ 5 ½ ʺ blue ʺ 1 3 ¼ ʺ 5 ʺ cottonade blue 1.25 ʺ1 patron gilet 75 ʺ 5 yds cotton brun 1.00 ʺ 1 plat 12 ½ ʺ 6 assiettes 50 & 1/r talliere 50 1.00 ʺ 2 moques peintes 25 15.81 ¼ 28 carrotte tabac 25 / cur 2 dous oeufs 12 12 ¼ Septembre 8 4 peaux papie 1.25 $5.00 1 pair soulier 1.25 6.25 20 La caisse a vous-même 2.50 Octobre 13 un ordre de D. F. Lenin sur vous 9.00 30 1 chapeau laine 1.00 Dec interet sur $80. calcule jusqu’au 12 Dec 1818 a y/(name) 2.35 131.95

[Page 13] 1828 Francois Monmiret Cn fevrier 8 par balance vous due $2.00 mars 17 ʺ difference sur soulien renoue .25 juillet 4 ʺ charrue de 22 Bares plomb 1324 3.97 10 ʺ porter à St. Michel 3 Bils gel 1.50 ʺ rapporter 66 bares plomb 1046 3.13 4.03 30 ʺ Charroie d’un voyage de march 2 a st. michel 2.00 ʺrapporter 1 voyage 1338 plomb 4.00 6.00 Septembre 20 facon d’une charretu pour Gillis 5.50 Novembre 3 autant que vos dames paye pour vous 10.00 Dec Balance due 99.59 131.95

1828 Decembre a Balance due $99.59 4 _ _ _ _ Scott 11______ 88.59

2 doz eggs 12 1 voyage a lamerie 2.62______ Juillet 2.00 $35.97 pour a voir amene _ _ _ _ _ 50

1828 Dec 5 M F Monmirel a/c due $ 88.59 12 ½ 88.46 ½

[Page 14] Reçu Ste. Genevieve 15 Aout 1829 de M Francois Monmirel la somme de quarante-huit piastres & trente-deux cents pour balance de compte pas qu’a le jour $48.32 Menard & Valle par J jr. Amoureux

Recu de Mr. François Durand le montant total de les tasces d’etat et de compté pour l’année mille huit cent vingt neuf ce 23 Aout 1829–$2.50 ¾ C Coyle le compte collecteur

Genevieve 9 Novembre 1829 de m. Francois recu la somme de quinze piastres & soixante cents pour Balance de tout compte pas quas (illegible) Menard & Valle par jr. Amoureux

[Page 18] Recu de Mr. Francois Durand trois piasters vingt neuf sous le montant de les tasces pour l’annee mille huit cent trente deux. Ste. Genevieve Septembre 28 1832. $3.29

Eloy S.E. tax collector

[Page 19] Mr. Francois Monmirel dit Durand à Menard & Valle Doit ______________________________________________________________________________ 1832

Juin 26 a 3 yds de cotton 25 75 Juillet 9 ʺ 5 Tasse & 10 Sucre $3 & 6 yds firiga 3.20 24 ʺ 1 chapeau leghorn 4.50 $ ruban pour le même 103 3.53 ʺ yyds Indienne 25 4.45 1.7 7.28 30 ʺ 1 pr soulien de cuir 1. » Aout 23 ʺ 5 sucre 50 29 ʺ 1 pr soulien de cuir 1 & 1 mouchoir 38 & 1 bouteille huile 1 2.38 ʺ 1 pce cottonade par vieux Paul 1 Robert 1 5.00 7.38 Septem 10 Coffee & sucre 1.50 24 2 bouteaux a 2 manches 8 ½ $1.75 & a peau papee 75 2.50 Octobre11 10 sucre & 22 caffe 4. » 15 23 yds firiga 22 $5.06 & 3 y & aroguet blue 1.50 6.56 3 " capinett 8 ½ $2.63 & boutons 25 2.88 24 6 ¼ cotton blue $1.25 & 1 pr soulien 1.25 2.50 1 pr soulien forts par Andre 1.75 14.19 3 yds cottonade .50 26 1 pr gros soulien par Andre 1.50 Novem 10 1 couverte de 3 ½ pts 6.00 1 d 3 » 3.50 9.50 24 5 ʺ cotton file long e cheveaux 2. » 1833 Fevrier 6 paye a birdseye pour balance que vous lui devoir sus une pendule 25.50 1 pr de reines & 1 miord de brides 1.25 recu a compte .50 .75 7 1 pr des meilleurs soulien par Andre 2.00 Mars 22 1 pr de gros soulien chickawsaws 1.25 1 » d pour fille .63 1.88 $ 85.43 votre billet en date du 13 juin 1832 mais quie porte interests de puis le 25 mai 1832 278.46 interet sur le dit depuis le 25 may 1832 jusqu’au 25 may 1833 16.71 295.17 380.50 1833 montant de vos Greori, d’autres part 111.31 May 29 Recu votre billet pour deux cent soixante & 269.19 neuf piastres & 19 ait qu’quand paye sera pourquoi (remainder is illegible)

[Page 20] Avoir M. Francois Monmirel 1832 Juin 26 Par 1 roux faite pour R. Fryer 8.00 Juillet 12 reparation faite au waggon au marshall 3.00 argent vous paye a compte 1.00 2.00 30 1 pr. de roux peintes 1 epice & aiguilles 11.00 pous penidre et boites un paie de roux venant de la sucession de Bastien negre 2.00 13.00 Octobre3 Charroie d’un voyage de la mine La Motte 25 vares 14.30 $3.58 d0 d’un barril farine de maïs .37 d un voyage de plomb de la mine a la motte 12.49 3.12 11 d0 d0 d0 d0 d0 1280 3.20 10.27 14 d0 d0 d0 d0 d0 1511 3.77 17 ʺ trois barrils de lard a la mine d0 1.50 20 d0 1 voyage de plomb de la mine la motte 2911 7.23 12.50 24 ʺ 1 d0 ʺ ʺ 1636 4.09 novem 9 ʺ argent recu de Reed 3.50 15 ʺ 1 peau de Bœuf 44 5 2.20 24 ʺ façon & peinture d’une pais de roux pour Perkins 9.00 Decem 20 ʺ Charroie du Fourneau a chievre de 1204 24 ʺ de chez Hill « 1587 Charroie de 5 sacs de Jel pour de juice 1.62 13.18 Fev 6 1 pr de roux a Jim Davis 11.00 argent que vous nous a (illegible) pour payer votre pendule 9 20.00 Mars 12 charroie de divers pour fanis & de quinze 2.00 20 charroie d’un voyage de plomb 1305 21 ʺ ʺ ʺ ʺ 1326 24 ʺ ʺ ʺ ʺ 1403 10.07 « de 3 Bils de del pour Anthony 1.50 Transport poste d’autre part 111.31

[Page 21] 1842 Reverand Monsieur Gondolfo a Francois Durand douet l’ouvrage de la maison de pierre du couvan etagere dans le closaite $1.50 62 ½ pied de wash ___ 2.50 escalié 10.00 cloison 5.40 coupér. l’ouverture pour l’escalie 1.00 Bouchee, l’ancien ouverture 2.00 string bord a l’escalie 2.00 2 porte a la cloison 4.00 1 porte et les pas 3.00 4 porte et boisure 24.00 4 fenaitre et boisure 22.00 3 fenaitre a jalousie et boisure 19.50 7-21 (illegible) planchee 18.03 ¾ 3 25 pied du charpont de l’ambourd 03-25 118-24 ¾

[Page 23] Richwoods Nov 30 1849 Mr. Francois Durand Ste. Genevieve Cher ami Après toutes mes recherches jusqu’ici ont été vaincu, il est probable que je la trouverai par la suite on attendant fais moi le Plaisir de t’addresser a Joseph Moreau qui a signé lui-même la vente qui était un don que nous fis le Capt. Bossier on reconnaissana de certains servisa rendu a un de ses enfants, enfin fait lui part de la lettre par laquelle je lui présente mes amitiés ainsi qu’à toi & toute vos famille, M de Bossier peut être pouvoit te donner quelques informations relativement au terrain enfin n’arrète en rien avec l’acquereur que conditionellement a diece reçois mes amities sincères.

Etienne Roussén

P.B. Tant qu’au Greffe il faudrait examiner l’année 1812, 13 & 14.

[Page 24] Richmond…illegible

Mr. Francois Durant St. Genevieve M.

Note: This document appears simply to be an envelope. Note the seal designated by a red circle on the bottom portion.

[Page 25] Le prisonnier de Ste. Helene

Pourquoi me fuir passagère hirondelle Ah ! viens fixer ton vol au pres de moi Pourquoi me fuir lorsque ma voix t’appelle Ne suis-je pas voyageur comme toi – (bis)

Peut-être hélas des lieux qui tant vu naitre Un sort cruel t’éloigne ainsi que moi Viens déposer ton nid sous ma fenêtre Ne suis-je pas exilé comme toi (bis)

Dans ce désert le destin nous rassemble la ne crains pas d’y rester avec moi Si tu gémis nous gémiront ensemble Ne suis-je pas exilé comme toi (bis)

Quand le printemps reviendra te sourire Tu quitteras et mon exile et moi Tu voleras au pays du zéphire Ne suis-je hélas y voler comme toi

Tu reverras ta première patrie Le premier nid de tes amours et moi Un sort cruel confine ici, ma vie Ne suis-je pas plus à plaindre que toi Fin

[Page 27] Les Souvenirs

T’en souviens-tu disait un capitaine Au vétéran qui mandait son pain T’en souviens-tu qu’autre fois dans la plaine Tu détournas un sabre de mon sein Sous les drapeaux d’une mère chérie, Tous deux longtemps nous avons combattu Je m’en souviens car je te dois la vie Mais toi soldat dis-moi t’en souviens-tu

2 Te souviens-tu de ces jours trop rapides Ou le Français acquit tant de renom Te souviens-tu que sur les piramides Chacun de nous osa graver son nom Malgré les vents malgré la terre et l’onde On vit flotter après avoir vaincu Nos étendards sur le berceau du monde Dis-moi soldat dis-moi, t’en souviens-tu

3 Te souviens-tu que les preux d’Ibérie Ont vraiment combattu contre nous Te souviens-tu que les preux d’Italie Devant nos chefs ont fléchi les genoux Te souviens qu’au champ de l’Allemagne Nos bataillons arrivant impromptus En quatre jours firent une campagne Dis-moi soldat dis-moi, t’en souviens-tu 4 Te souviens-tu de ces plaines glacées Ou le français arrivait en vainqueur Glaçait son corps sans refroidir son cœur Souvent alors au milieu des alarmes Son sang coulant et son œil abattu Brulait encor quand on courait aux armes Dis-moi soldat dis-moi, t’en souviens-tu

5 Tu souviens-tu de ces jours d’infamie Ou l’étranger marchait avec orgueil Tu souviens-tu qu’un jour notre patrie Vivante encor descendît au cercueil Gardes-en ton cœur ce jour pour le maudire Et lorsqu’enfin Bellone aura paru Qu’un chef jamais avait besoin de te dire Dis-moi soldat dis-moi, t’en souviens-tu

6 Te souviens-tu mais ici ma voix tremble Car je n’ai plus de noble souvenirs Viens-t ‘en mon vieux nous pleurerons ensemble En attendant un meilleur avenir Et quand la mort planant sar me chaumière M’appellera au repos qui m’est dû Tu fermeras doucement ma paupière En me disant mon Vieux t’en souviens-tu

Note : underlined passages deviate from the official version of the song. Yellow highlighted are corrections.

The post Ste. Genevieve Property Records (Pashia Family Papers) appeared first on Lewis & Clark Research Database.

Sainte Genevieve was born around 422, and she is commemorated on January 3 within the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. According to her narrative, Sainte Genevieve was known for her generosity to the poor. She gave so much that when she passed the age of 50, her bishops commanded her to add fish and milk to her diet. On more than one occasion, candles were known to light spontaneously in her hand, which is why many icons represent Sainte Genevieve as holding a candle. In 451, due to the approaching armies of Attila the Hun, Sainte Genevieve led the women of Paris in prayer and fasting. Attila the Hun instead moved to Orleans, where they were defeated. Consequently, she is the patron saint of Paris. Sainte Genevieve died in 512 at the age of 80. An effective cult had developed around the saint in Paris. Williams noted 120 processions of the saint’s relics in Paris between 1500 and 1793 (Williams, 339). There were three prominent processions in 1694 (after a drought that was met with rain immediately after the procession), 1725 (to stop the rain which continued; Williams, 332), and 1744 (to cure the King of smallpox which was cured three days later; Williams, 340). Revolutionaries in France destroyed the relics of Sainte Genevieve on December 3, 1793 (Williams, 349) as one of the manifestations of the French revolution.

Image depicting early Ste. Genevieve in its original location; cropped from a mural painted by Oscar E. Berninghous. Located in the Capitol bldg. in Jefferson City, MO. From https://www.visitstegen.com/our-historic-past/

Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first explorers in the early summer of 1673 to visit what would become the site of Old Ste. Genevieve. First named Old Town (Mueller), later Frenchmen would establish the town about 75 years later (Ekberg, 44) around 1750, if not a few years earlier (Ekberg, 47). As of 1752, the total population was 23 (Recensement general du pays des Ilinois de 1752). Old Ste. Genevieve was the earliest permanent European settlement west of the Mississippi in Upper Louisiana (Ekberg, 45). Old Ste. Genevieve was peaceful in its first decade of existence, untouched by the French and Indian wars and left alone by the Osage Indians (Ekberg, 47). Not long after the flood of 1785, Ste. Genevieve moved to higher ground. In a letter to James Madison dated September 29, 1803, Clark wrote that at Ste. Genevieve there were about 30 Peoria and Illinois Indians. The Peoria and Illinois Indians refrained from hunting out of fear of encountering other Indians. They were the remnants of what numbered 1200 warriors 50 years previous (Carter).

The De Laurier family also figured prominently in Ste. Genevieve (Houck, 1908, p. 90). One of the De Laurier family in particular, Henry De Laurier, may have been one of the individuals mentioned as Mr. Henry Delorn in Clark’s September 6, 1806 entry (Moulton, 352). One resident of the town was paid by the expedition. Charles Gregoire, from Ste. Genevieve, was paid $1500 on March 28, 1804 (Lewis). However, since the note may about Gregoire was possibly a later addition, Gregoire may not have been in Ste. Genevieve at the time. Clark dined with Francois Duquette, a former resident of Ste. Genevieve, in Ste. Charles on May 16, 1804 (Clark). Jean Vallé was also from Ste. Genevieve (October 1, 1804).

Son of Francois Vallé, Jean Baptiste and his wife Marie-Jeanne moved in with Francois (home built in 1785) to care for his father just prior to his death in 1783. Francois had made a fortune through mining and trading during his time, and his estate was divided among his descendants. Researchers speculate that Jean’s mother passed in 1781 possibly due to a yellow fever epidemic as there was an outbreak that had passed through Ste. Genevieve (Barnett). According to Clark’s journal for November 28, 1803, the expedition arrived at a landing on the other side of St. Genevie [sic] (Clark). By the time of the expedition, the population of New Ste. Genevieve was around 1000. About one week later, Clark gave further descriptions of the town. He wrote that the town was primarily French with about 120 families. North and South Gabourie creeks, which ran north and south of Ste. Genevieve, were likely named for an early French settler and stone mason (Mueller), Laurent Gabourie. There was evidently a Kickapoo village near Ste. Genevieve (Houck, 362). Some argue that Clark’s reference to sending Lorimer to Kickapoo Town may refer to Shawnee. The Shawnee and Delawares were in around Ste. Genevieve, having been pushed west by pressure from other tribes and the American westward movement. There was a big Shawnee village on Apple Creek (Ste. Genevieve district’s southern border with Cape Girardeau district). Lorimer was the head of the Cape Girardeau, and his wife was Shawnee. Both the Shawnee and Kickapoo were allies and shared a similar language. The Kickapoos were an enemy of the Osage who had populated most of Missouri south of the Missouri River. The Kickapoo Indians turned to be a strong American ally. Lewis later wrote that he had spoken to the Kickapoo (Mueller). Lewis informed them that their enemy, the Osage Indians, were no longer under the protection of the United States, and that the Kickapoo were free to deal with them as they saw fit (Gibson, 97). According to Clark’s survey of Indians, there were Peoria and Illinois Indians near Ste. Genevieve (Clark).

Ste. Genevieve was among several towns considered to be the capital after Missourians voted for their first state officials in August 1820 (Ohman, 10). When plans were being made in 1913-1914 for a rebuilt capital building in Jefferson City, John Gill and Sons attempted to use Ste. Genevieve as the site for the quarry to mine the stone. A quarry at Ste. Genevieve would have saved the construction effort $137,000. However, the board governing construction insisted in mining the stone from Carthage, on the western side of Missouri (Ohman, 77).

References

• Barnett, Todd. "François Vallé – SHSMO Historic Missourians." SHSMO Historic Missourians, historicmissourians.shsmo.org/francois-valle. Accessed 29 Oct. 2021.
• Carter, Clarence, editor. The Territorial Papers of the United States, 1854-1872. Washington, D.C., National Archives.
• Clark, William. “December 4, 1803 Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu, https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1803-12-04#lc.jrn.1803-12-04.01. Accessed 13 Oct. 2021.
• Clark, William. “May 16, 1804 Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu, lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1804-05-16#lc.jrn.1804-05-16.01. Accessed 13 Oct. 2021.
• Clark, William. “November 28, 1803 Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu, lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1803-11-28#lc.jrn.1803-11-28.02. Accessed 13 Oct. 2021.
• Clark, William. “October 2, 1804 Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu, https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1804-10-02#lc.jrn.1804-10-02.02. Accessed 28 Oct. 2021.
• Clark, William. “Part 2: Estimate of the Eastern Indians Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu, lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1804-1805.winter.part2#lc.jrn.1804-1805.winter.part1.01. Accessed 13 Oct. 2021.
• Ekberg, Carl J. François Vallé and his World: Upper Louisiana before Lewis and Clark. University of Missouri Press, 2002.
• Gibson, Arrell Morgan. The Kickapoos: Lords of the Middle Border. Norman Okla., University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.
• Lewis, Meriwether. “Various Dates, December 4, 1803-March 29, 1804 Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu, lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc. jrn.1804-03-29-1#lc.jrn.1804-03-29-1.01. Accessed 13 Oct. 2021.
• Houck, Louis. A History of Missouri: Volume I. Ville Platte, La., Provincial Press, 2001.
• Houck, Louis, A History of Missouri: Volume II. Chicago, Il., R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, 1908.
• Mueller, Robert. Interview. By Andrew Fournier, December 14, 2021.
• Moulton, Gary E.. The Definitive Journals of Lewis & Clark: From the Ohio to the Vermillion. United States, University of Nebraska Press, 2002.
• “October 1, 1804 Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu, lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1804-10-01#lc.jrn.1804-10-01.01. Accessed 13 Oct. 2021.
• Ohman, Marian M. "The history of Missouri capitols." (1982).
• "Quel est le bâtiment le plus ancien de votre état? – Cartes Étranges Novembre 2021." Un Grand Penseur, fr.gov-civ-guarda.pt/how-young-is-oldest-building-your-state. Accessed 1 Nov. 2021.
• “Recensement général du pays des Ilinois de 1752”. Reference Huntington Museum, Loudon Papers, Vaudreuil subsection, call No. LO426. S1.Sos.mo.gov, s1.sos.mo.gov/CMSImages /MDH/1752.pdf. Accessed 22 Oct. 2021.
• “September 6, 1806 Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Lewisandclarkjournals. unl.edu, lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1806-09-06#lc.jrn.1806-09-06.01. Accessed 13 Oct. 2021.
• Williams, Hannah. "Saint Geneviève’s miracles: art and religion in eighteenth-century Paris." French History 30.3 (2016): 322-353.

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